Abstract：
:The development of lubricants like, e.g. engine and hydraulic oils was traditionally based on mineral oil as a base fluid. This fact is related to the good technical properties and the reasonable price of mineral oils. The Report to the Club of Rome (W.W. Behrens III, D.H. Meadows, D.I. Meadows, J. Randers, The limits of growth, A Report to the Club of Rome, 1972) and the two oil crises of 1979 and 1983, however, elucidated that mineral oil is on principle a limited resource. In addition, environmental problems associated with the production and use of chemicals and the limited capacity of nature to tolerate pollution became obvious (G.H. Brundtland, et al., in: Hauff, Volker (Ed.), World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), Report of the Brundtland-Commission, Oxford, UK, 1987), and the critical discussion included besides acid rain, smog, heavy metals, and pesticides also mineral oil (especially oil spills like the case Exxon Valdes). A disadvantage of mineral oil is its poor biodegradability and thus its potential for long-term pollution of the environment. From the early development of lubricants for special applications (e.g. turbojet engine oils) it was known, that fatty acid polyol esters have comparable or even better technical properties than mineral oil. Subsequently, innumerable synthetic esters have been synthesized by systematic variation of the fatty acid and the alcohol components. Whereas the alcohol moiety of the synthetic esters are usually of petrochemical origin, the fatty acids are almost exclusively based on renewable resources. The physico-chemical properties of oleochemical esters can cover the complete spectrum of technical requirements for the development of high-performance industrial oils and lubricants (e.g. excellent lubricating properties, good heat stability, high viscosity index, low volatility and superior shear stability). For a comprehensive review of their technical properties see F. Bongardt, in: Jahrbuchfür Praktiker, H. Ziolkowsky (Ed.), Verlag für chemische Industrie GmbH, 1996, pp. 348-361. This article will focus on the ecological properties of oleochemical (synthetic) esters. The environmental relevance of oleochemicals in comparison to petrochemicals is discussed, and then the principles of an ecological assessment are described. The ecotoxicological properties and the biodegradability of oleochemical esters are presented. Finally, the ecological properties of the oleochemical esters are discussed with regard to existing environmental classification and labeling systems.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Willing Adoi
10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00328-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
89-98issue
1eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(00)00328-3journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CHEMOSPHERE文献大全abstract：:In this study, thermal desorption was combined with the addition of calcium hydroxide to remediate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated soil, collected from a storage point for PCB-contaminated capacitors and transformers. The thermal desorption test conditions were varied from 300 to 600 °C, both with blank ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.031
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semi-domesticated reindeer and wild moose meat samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Both calves and adults were studied. Individual reindeer and moose meat samples and pooled reindeer calf meat samples were collected from the nor...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.013
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a novel polymer type sulfoxide-modified solid phase enabling to achieve selective separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from insulation oil. In this study, firstly we prepared base-polymer based on the concept of the molecular imprinting to capture PCBs in selectively, then, the sulfoxide groups ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.037
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important treatments of infertility to provide a chance of conceiving. In IVF treatment, sperm are washed and motile sperm are isolated with sperm washing media (SWM) for the purpose of fertilization; fertilized ova are then incubated for a maximum of 5 or 6d in media fo...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.043
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The properties of granite powders--a granite manufacturing waste product-were analyzed to assess their potential use as amendments and fertilizers on acid soils. Two types of powders were characterized: one produced during cutting of granite with a diamond-edged disc saw, comprising only rock powder, the other produce...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.010
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, many studies have been devoted to investigate the application of biochar for pollutants removal from aqueous solutions. Biochar exhibits a great potential to efficiently tackle water contaminants considering the wide availability of feedstock, low-cost and favorable physical/chemical surface character...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.058
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occurrence of the polycyclic musks, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene (AHTN), in wastewater influent and effluent, as well as in surface waters, has been reported. HHCB and AHTN were also reported to occur in h...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.006
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous indices have been developed to assess environmental risk of heavy metals in surface sediments, including the total content based geoaccumulation index (I(geo)), exchangeable fraction based risk assessment code (RAC), and biological toxicity test based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). In this study, the thr...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.039
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intricacy in the treatment of effluents from the textile sector attracts the researchers since 20th century. Dye intermediate manufacturing industries are responsible for producing the toxic pollutants such as nitro-aromatics, benzene, toluene, phenol, heavy metals etc. with intense colour. The present study focus...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128739
更新日期：2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS) and a mixture of WAS and PS were fermented at 21 degrees C. The sludge was collected from two plants: the biological nutrient removal (BNR) West End Water Pollution Control Center (WEWPCC) and carbon-removal only South End WPCC (SEWPCC). The PS fermentation predictably...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.026
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by agrarian (Zea mays: cultivars Mytos and Samantha) and forest (Picea abies Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L.) root exudates, two different soils, an Eutric Cambisol (EC) and a Rendzic Leptosol (RL), were considered. Soil organic matter extracts ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00160-6
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) is one of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with strong cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, the formation potential (FP) of DCAN was investigated in the samples of six important water sources located in the Yangtze River Delta. The highest formation concentration of DC...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.118
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor environments can partition among the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, and available surfaces. The mass transfer parameters of SVOCs, such as the mass transfer coefficient and the partition coefficient, are influenced by indoor environmental factors. Subsequ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.072
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Residues of p,p'-DDE were found in lake trout sampled in 1993 from Little Moose Lake located remotely in the Adirondack region of New York State. Length accounted for 81% of the variation in p,p'-DDE concentration when the data was fit to an exponential model. The presence of p,p'-DDE in the fish was believed due to i...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0045-6535(94)90113-9
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalates, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, are emerging as an important class of pollutants that are of serious health concerns. Determining concentrations of these pollutants is of great importance for environmental and exposure studies. In this ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126284
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly polluted crude oil electric desalting wastewaters (EDWs) severely affect the efficiency of refinery wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Coagulation is an efficient pretreatment to reduce the impacts of EDWs. In the present study, the influences of coagulation pretreatment on the characteristics of EDWs of thre...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128531
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel paper-based material containing titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a papermaking technique with the internal addition of inorganic fibers on which TiO(2) particles were supported. Photodegradation performance of acetaldehyde gas, an indoor pollutant, and the durability of the ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00582-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for a large group of 77 aromatic aldehydes tested for acute toxicity to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis using mechanistically interpretable descriptors. The resulting QSARs revealed that the 1-octanol/water partition coefficie...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.040
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic substances such as heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants raise global environmental concerns. Thus, diverse water decontamination approaches using nano-adsorbents and/or photocatalysts based on nanotechnology are being developed. Particularly, many studies have examined the removal of organic and inorgan...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.063
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated that gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and calcite (CaCO3) can be important hosts of arsenic in contaminated hydrogeological systems. However, the extent to which microbial reducing processes contribute to the dissolution and transformation of carbonate and sulfate minerals and, thereby, to arsenic...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124823
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are commonly used as a time-integrated measure of aqueous concentrations of persistent hydrophobic chemicals, including PAH, pesticides, dioxins, and PCBs. Another class of persistent hydrophobic chemicals is petroleum biomarker compounds (hopanes and steranes) that are used for ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00576-9
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, a novel carbon-based hydrotalcite-like compounds materials (LDO-SBCs) were prepared by coupling layered double hydroxides (LDHs) conditioning and pyrolytic carbonization, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunner-Emm...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129485
更新日期：2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a study of oxidation of diethylene glycol (DEG) by ozone and modified Fenton process (hydrogen peroxide and ferric salt mixture) in aqueous solution. Both oxidation processes were able to oxidize relatively high concentrations of DEG effectively. DEG reacted primarily through hydroxyl radical prod...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00312-5
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The abiotic desorption of p,p'-DDT from seven Chinese soils spiked with p,p'-DDT and the effects of oxalate at 0.001-0.1M and the root exudates of maize, wheat, and ryegrass were evaluated using batch experiments. Soil organic carbon played a predominant role in the retention of DDT. Oxalate significantly increased th...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.013
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to validate a multi-trial biomarker approach for the evaluation of toxicological risk due to benzo(alpha)pyrene. Carcinus aestuarii, exposed to increasing concentrations of B(alpha)P in the water, was used as the bioindicator organism. A set of biomarkers were tested in order to: identify bio...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00300-8
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being incorporated into a variety of consumer products due to unique properties that offer a variety of advantages over bulk materials. Understanding of the nano-specific risk associated with nano-enabled technologies, however, continues to lag behind research and development, regis...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.082
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental study was conducted to investigate the trophic transfer of 137Cs in marine and freshwater food chains, focusing on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and planktivorous fish. Algal concentration factors were 278 in freshwater and 69 in seawater. The weight-normalized uptake rate constants of 137Cs were similar...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.124
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study was carried out from spring 1999 to spring 2001 to monitor the residue levels of organophosphorus pollutants (OPP) in aquatic environment of the drainage canal surrounding a pesticide factory at Damietta Governorate. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected at six different seasonal periods. OPPs wer...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.019
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gas-phase photooxidations of CCl(4), CHCl(3), CH(2)Cl(2) and their binary mixtures in an O(2) stream were studied in a flow reactor under various experimental conditions using a low-pressure mercury lamp as light source covered with a high-purity silica sleeve being used. The 184.9 nm VUV irradiation emitted is re...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.066
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate blood levels of some perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) and compare them to current levels of classical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) whole blood samples from Sweden were analyzed with respect to 12 PFCs, 37 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), hexach...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.040
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
