An overview of current cytochrome P450 technology for assessing the safety and efficacy of new materials.

abstract：:In a 13-week feeding toxicity study of grape skin extract (GSE) performed previously, 5.0% GSE showed diffuse hypertrophy and basophilia in rat parotid glands. To clarify whether the change in the parotid glands was an adverse effect of GSE, 6-week-old male F344 rats were fed a diet containing 5.0% GSE or were adminis...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Inoue K,Morikawa T,Matsuo S,Tamura K,Takahashi M,Yoshida M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference (RNAi) is a recently discovered phenomenon whereby the introduction of double stranded (ds) RNA into the cytoplasm of the cell results in the specific and efficient degradation of complementary messenger (m) RNA and, therefore, reduced protein production. It was discovered by chance...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Martineau HM,Pyrah IT

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective was to determine the respiratory toxicity of MAP0004, orally inhaled dihydroergotamine (DHE), via inhalation for six months. Forty beagle dogs (twenty females, twenty males) were treated by nose-only inhalation for 182 days. Groups 2 through 5 received MAP0004 (mean doses: 0.045, 0.154, 0.44, 0.825 mg/kg...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Armer TA,Lynch M,Moutvic R,Singer A

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pineal gland tumors are very rare brain lesions in rats as well as in other species including humans. A total of 8 (out of 1,360 examined) Wistar rats from 3 different combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity or mere carcinogenicity studies revealed pineal gland tumors. The tumors were regarded to be spontaneous and ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Treumann S,Buesen R,Gröters S,Eichler JO,van Ravenzwaay B

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinolone antibacterial agents have adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system in humans, consisting mainly of myalgia and arthralgia, and additionally of tendon disorders and rhabdomyolysis. The present study was conducted to examine the toxic effects of quinolones on the musculoskeletal system in juvenile rats us...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Kashida Y,Kato M

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer affects approximately 1 in 3 individuals. An individual's susceptibility to cancer is partly determined by environmental exposures and by the combination of inherited cancer susceptibility and resistance genes. Initial mapping of these low penetrance cancer susceptibility genes has been done in the mouse becaus...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ewart-Toland A,Balmain A

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many new observations have been made correlating changes in renal morphology with changes in renal function. These changes have led to a better definition of the various segments which make up the renal tubule. These morphological patterns vary in different species as is documented by morphologic studies and by differ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bulger RE

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Statistical issues related to the design, analysis and interpretation of carcinogenicity studies are considered. A proposed modification of the "standard" National Cancer Institute (NCI) design of carcinogenicity studies in rodents is discussed. The primary objective was to obtain a design that maintained the power of...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Haseman JK

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine if additive or synergistic toxic effects would occur, adult male rats were exposed orally to lead carbonate (2,000 mg/kg) for 9 days before trichloroethylene (TCE), 2,000 mg/kg, was given concurrently for an additional 7 days. Comparisons were made with groups of vehicle-treated rats and rats given only l...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Nunes J,Ehrich M,Robertson J

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This overview briefly summarizes the cellular pathobiology of experimental atherosclerosis and is then followed by a consideration of how 3 major risk factors interact with the hypothesized pathogenetic process. First, since hemodynamics and blood flow influence the localization of atherosclerotic plaques, possible me...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Getz GS

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal spontaneously occurring eosinophilic hypertrophic cells, histomorphologically resembling oncocytes and hepatocytes, were observed in the pancreas from 11 (0.3%) of 4,177 Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 to 26 months old. The age of these eleven rats ranged from 13 to 25 months. The incidence was not different between sexe...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Chiu T

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A semiautomated quantitative assay for rat serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme determination was developed, incorporating selective precipitation of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) with wheat germ lectin and differential inhibition with levamisole for determination of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP). Th...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hoffmann WE,Everds N,Pignatello M,Solter PF

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell-transformation assay represents a short-term in vitro assay capable of predicting rodent carcinogenicity of chemicals with a high degree of concordance (LeBoeuf et al [1996]. Mutat Res 356: 85-127). The SHE assay models the earliest identifiable stage in carcinogenicity, morphologi...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Mauthe RJ,Gibson DP,Bunch RT,Custer L

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In tissue slice models, interactions between the heterogeneous cell types comprising the lung parenchyma are maintained thus providing a controlled system for the study of pulmonary toxicology in vitro. However, validation of the model in vitro system must be affirmed. Previous reports, in in vivo systems, have demons...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hays AM,Lantz RC,Witten ML

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a chemical used in the production of fluoropolymers. Its persistence in the environment and presence in humans and wildlife has raised health concerns. Liver tumor induction by PFOA is thought to be mediated in rodents by PPAR-alpha. A recent US EPA scientific advisory board questioned...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Wolf DC,Moore T,Abbott BD,Rosen MB,Das KP,Zehr RD,Lindstrom AB,Strynar MJ,Lau C

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of oral contraceptives have been studied in the beagle bitch for periods up to 7 yr. High doses of these potent estrogen: progestogen (E:P) combinations have been shown to promote tumors in the mammary glands, smooth muscle of the tubular genitalia, and occasionally in the transitional epithelium of the ne...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Johnson AN

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A retrospective analysis of microscopic evaluation data from control (device and/or saline-treated) animals in intrathecal studies in monkeys, dogs, sheep, and rats was conducted. The studies were performed by multiple testing facilities. All slide preparation and microscopic evaluation were conducted in the laborator...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Butt MT

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of 5 male beagle dogs were treated orally with hydralazine tablets in gelatin capsules at a dose of 12 or 24 mg/kg twice a day (6 hours apart) for 2 consecutive days. Five male dogs treated with empty gelatin capsules served as untreated controls. Clinical findings and heart rate changes during treatment and te...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Mesfin GM,Shawaryn GG,Higgins MJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The target organ specificities of cell proliferation and histopathological lesion induction by 5 carcinogens having different target organs were evaluated using a multiorgan carcinogenesis bioassay. In Group 1, male F-344 rats aged 6 wk were sequentially treated with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN, single 100-mg/kg ip inje...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Yoshida Y,Tatematsu M,Takaba K,Iwasaki S,Ito N

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic ingestion of arsenic is associated with increased incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. To investigate the role of arsenic in early events in vascular pathology, C57BL/6 mice ingested drinking water with or without 50 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) for four, five, or eight weeks. At five and eight...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hays AM,Lantz RC,Rodgers LS,Sollome JJ,Vaillancourt RR,Andrew AS,Hamilton JW,Camenisch TD

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidant generation catalyzed by metals has been postulated to account for a lung injury following exposure to air pollution particles. In particles that are predominantly carbonaceous, it is difficult to implicate such an oxidative stress as the responsible mechanism, since concentrations of metals can be extremely lo...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ghio AJ,Richards JH,Carter JD,Madden MC

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mouse strains offer the prospect of significant benefits in the in vivo assessment of carcinogenic potential. The European Regulatory Authorities have been supportive of their inclusion as one of the second-test options in the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Regis...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： van der Laan J,Lima BS,Snodin D

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant soluble CD4 (sT4) has been shown to inhibit infectivity of HIV. Because of the role CD4 plays in the interaction of T-helper lymphocytes and cells bearing MHC Class II antigens, a potential adverse effect of therapy with sT4 is interference with lymphocyte function. To address this issue, we studied the ef...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bugelski PJ,Thiem PA,Truneh A,Morgan DG

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC)-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo was investigated in New Zealand White rabbits. A primary emphasis in these studies was further characterization of DCVC-induced nephrotoxicity using a variety of serum and urinary analytes, including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electr...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Davis JW,Blakeman DP,Jolly RA,Packwood WH,Kolaja GJ,Petry TW

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes assume multiple roles in maintaining an optimally suited milieu for neuronal function. Select astrocytic functions include the maintenance of redox potential, the production of trophic factors, the regulation of neurotransmitter and ion concentrations, and the removal of toxins and debris from the cerebrosp...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M,Wegrzynowicz M,Lee E,Bowman AB,Aschner M

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lung is a target organ for the toxic effects of several chemical agents, including natural products, industrial chemicals, pesticides, environmental agents, and occasionally, drugs. Factors that establish the lung as a target organ include selective tissue exposure, high tissue oxygenation, and the presence of bio...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Smith BR,Brian WR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) is a commonly-encountered coronaviral infection in laboratory rats that causes acute destruction of submandibular salivary glands. SDA results in depletion of salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and may thereby affect EGF-dependent cell growth processes. The purpose of this study was to de...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Kemp DR,Percy DH,Hayes MA

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of the p53-/- transgenic (knockout) mouse model was evaluated through review of the data from 31 short-term carcinogenicity studies with 21 compounds tested as part of the International Life Sciences Institute's (ILSI) Alternatives to Carcinogenicity Testing (ACT) project, together with data from other...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Storer RD,French JE,Haseman J,Hajian G,LeGrand EK,Long GG,Mixson LA,Ochoa R,Sagartz JE,Soper KA

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse renal cell tumors (RCTs) were induced in male CBA mice by 5 subcutaneous injections of 8 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)/kg body weight once a week. After a lag period of 2 yr kidneys were removed, and serial cryostat sections of the kidneys were histochemically analyzed for the following parameters: glycogen con...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ahn YS,Chemeris GY,Turusov VS,Bannasch P

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental exposure to estrogenic chemicals is an established risk factor for cancer of the female reproductive tract. This increase in risk has been associated with disruption of normal patterns of cellular differentiation during critical stages of morphogenesis. The goal of this study was to document uterine epit...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Suen AA,Jefferson WN,Williams CJ,Wood CE

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00