Abstract:
:Hypoxic areas are a characteristic property of solid tumors. Hypoxia results from an imbalance between the supply and consumption of oxygen. Major pathogenetic mechanisms for the emergence of hypoxia are (1) structural and functional abnormalities in the tumor microvasculature; (2) an increase in diffusion distances; and (3) tumor- or therapy-associated anemia leading to a reduced O2 transport capacity of the blood. There is pronounced intertumor variability in the extent of hypoxia, which is independent of clinical size, stage, histopathologic type, and grade. Local recurrences have a higher hypoxic fraction than primary tumors. Tumor hypoxia is intensified in anemic patients, especially in tumors with low perfusion rates. Tumor hypoxia is a therapeutic problem, as it makes solid tumors resistant to sparsely ionizing radiation and some forms of chemotherapy. Hypoxia also may modulate the proliferation and cell cycle position of tumor cells and, in turn, the amount of cells destroyed following therapy. Recent clinical studies suggest that hypoxia can enhance malignant progression and increase aggressiveness through clonal selection and genome changes. As a result, loss of differentiation and apoptosis, chaotic angiogenesis, increased locoregional spread, and enhanced metastasis can further increase resistance to therapy and affect long-term prognosis. Hypoxia is a powerful, independent prognostic factor in cervix cancers, carcinomas of the head and neck, and in soft-tissue sarcomas.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Vaupel P,Kelleher DK,Höckel Mdoi
10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90210-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
29-35issue
2 Suppl 8eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708pii
asonc0280029ejournal_volume
28pub_type
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