Abstract：
:Selective aromatase inhibitors cause regression of breast carcinomas by reducing estrogen production via inhibition of the enzyme aromatase (estrogen synthetase). A higher incidence of hormone-dependent breast cancer occurs in postmenopausal women than in younger women. Thus, total estrogen blockade is more likely to be achieved with systemic (pharmacologic) methods than by surgical removal of endocrine glands. At the present time, breast cancer patients with hormone-dependent disease usually receive the antiestrogen tamoxifen as first-line treatment. Although tamoxifen is effective initially, patients develop resistance to the drug, which results in disease progression. Aromatase inhibitors acting by a different mechanism from tamoxifen are effective in some of these patients. There is also the potential that aromatase inhibitors could be more effective as first-line treatment. Formestane, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, the first approved aromatase inhibitor, is proving to be useful in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with advanced disease. Recently, anastrozole, a nonsteroidal agent, has been approved in the United States. Other very potent aromatase inhibitors are under development. Aromatase inhibitors as a new class of well-tolerated agents are now becoming available for improving the treatment of breast cancer patients.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Brodie AM,Njar VCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-01 00:00:00pages
10-20issue
4 Suppl 9eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Constitutive expression of interferons (IFNs) and activation of their signaling pathways have pivotal roles in host responses to malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. IFNs are induced by the innate immune system and in tumors through stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and through other signaling pathwa...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.02.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormonal therapy is very effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Response to various therapies leads to improved quality of life and prolonged survival. This clinical trial compared two commonly utilized additive hormonal agents, tamoxifen citrate and megestrol acetate (Megace). Prelimina...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recently launched a new staging system for cutaneous melanoma that was based on clinical experience with a large number of patients treated in major centers worldwide. As this system includes various histopathologic parameters of the primary melanoma and of melanoma metast...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sonc.2002.34116
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) is the most frequently diagnosed subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and more than 50% of cases present in patients over 60 years of age. Although cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (CHOP) is currently regarded as the gold standard treatment for DLCL, less tha...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sonc.2002.32749
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adjuvant chemotherapy has a real but modest impact on the disease-free and overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Recent attempts to improve its effectiveness have focused on dose intensity and new agents. Sequential therapy maximized dose intensity while limiting overlapping toxicity. Sequential therapy usi...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fludara I.V. (fludarabine phosphate) (9-beta-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine, F-ara-A) is an adenine nucleoside analogue resistant to adenosine deaminase that shows promising therapeutic activity in the clinical treatment of lymphocytic hematologic malignancies. F-ara-A is transported into cells, where it is converted to...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2002, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) revised the staging system for cutaneous melanoma on the basis of a survival analysis of important melanoma prognostic factors. Features of the revised system include new strata for primary tumor thickness, incorporation of primary tumor ulceration as an important...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.018
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, yet it makes up only 1% of adult brain tumors. MB is uniquely sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, but successful surgical resection continues to be an important component of therapeutic success. Progress in the treatment of MB has occurre...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.009
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most known oncogenes is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. It activates multiple signaling cascades that promote carcinogenesis and immune evasion. Therefore, these molecules have been extensively targeted in cancer immunotherapy. Beyond EGFR signaling cascade inhibition, some of these agen...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.008
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epipodophyllotoxins, etoposide and teniposide, have been used in leukemias and malignant lymphomas for the past 15 years. Although etoposide has acquired a place in many first-line protocols for lymphomas and, more recently, for leukemias, the role of teniposide has remained limited. Teniposide is a more potent in...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent insights into cell-mediated immunotherapy have led to a wave of new trials involving immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Vaccines have evolved from nonspecific immune stimulants like Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to much more specific and potent strategies. Techniques currently being investigated include passiv...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) given as a 1-hour infusion potentially offers its recipients reduced toxicity, demonstrated efficacy, and greater ease of administration. To confirm this hypothesis, we undertook a phase I/II study of 1-hour, single-agent paclitaxel in 164 patients' refra...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multitargeted antifolate (MTA, LY231514) is a novel antifolate antimetabolite, with antitumor activity via inhibition of thymidylate synthase, glycinamide formyl transferase, and dihydrofolate reductase. Three dosing schedules have been investigated in the phase I setting: daily x5 every 21 days, weekly x4 every 42 da...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy has remained difficult, even with the use of combination antiemetic regimens containing metoclopramide. Although these patients receive a lower daily dose of cisplatin, the emetogenic potential remains high. In addition, many ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane that acts primarily by promoting microtubule assembly and preventing the depolymerization of assembled microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation. This agent also induces apoptosis and appears to prevent angiogenesis. Although docetaxel has sho...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.04.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developments in the treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer have proven effective in palliative management but have not yielded improvements in the cure rate for this disease. Strategies involving dose escalation of chemotherapy, including de novo and late intensification dose escalation and dose escalation with...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early detection of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal cancer may allow individualization of treatment strategies and avoidance of unnecessary treatment. Although positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) permits detection of changes in tumor proliferation before any chan...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant achievements in the basic sciences have led to a greater knowledge of the underlying signaling pathways in renal cell cancer (RCC), including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway). The mTOR pathway has a central role in the regulation of cell growth and in...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.06.002
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigators representing all major melanoma research areas present an overview of the most important challenges for the field. Four major research areas are covered plus the training of new investigators. For each area we first describe the present status, its strengths and weaknesses, and then outline specific reco...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.09.004
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia is a multi-symptom syndrome involving both physical and emotional problems that can be evaluated for their impact on quality of life. Fatigue is the cardinal symptom of anemia, reported by three of four cancer patients using the general version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) questionnai...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombocytopenia is a significant problem for patients receiving prolonged or aggressive chemotherapy for malignancy. For carboplatin, it is the predominant dose-limiting toxicity and it is cumulative in nature. A number of agents have been evaluated for efficacy in reducing the problem of thrombocytopenia. Some have ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data indicate that cellular immune responses can produce an anticancer effect. Two types of cellular immune responses appear to be clinically relevant: antigen specific immunity mediated by T cells that recognize tumor-associated peptide antigen expressed on surface HLA class I or class II molecules, and antige...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.02.021
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer has historically been based on cisplatin-based combination regimens, the limitations of these regimens both in terms of efficacy and toxicity are now widely appreciated. In response to these limitations, other single agents have been studied, and a number have demonstr...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over 50% of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) will develop symptomatic brain metastases during the course of their disease. Results of whole brain radiotherapy, the standard treatment, are rather poor and relapses are frequent. Thus, new modes of therapy are urgently needed for these patients. In this study,...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmenopausal patients with advanced measurable and/or evaluable breast cancer entered a phase II trial of multiple agent cytotoxic therapy combined with endocrine therapy. Cycles of PNMF (prednimustine, novantrone, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil) were repeated every 4 weeks as follows: P, 100 mg/m2 PO on days 1 to...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide variety of cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoma, and significant progress has been made in the past decade toward identifying potential therapeutic targets. However, apart from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and dermatofibrosarcoma protube...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.09.003
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra-arterial (IA) therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are considered palliative and should be offered to patients with intermediate-stage multinodular disease and with sufficient liver reserve. They include transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or bland embolization, transarterial chemotherapy, and transar...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.03.007
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeted therapy for breast cancer has existed since 1986, when Beatson published his observations on oophorectomy. In the past 5 years monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials of breast cancer. Trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisc...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.02.018
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this feasibility study, a 3-hour infusion of 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) was combined with carboplatin dosed to an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 to treat patients with stage T2N0, T1-2N1, or T3N0-1 (excluding superior sulcus tumors) non-small cell lung ca...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective lymphadenectomy for solid malignancies is a novel technique, having been introduced into surgical practice in the last 12 years. Dissemination of this technique among surgeons has followed a course similar to that found with the introduction of new laparoscopic techniques...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.005
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
