Abstract:
:The effects of supervised physical training (PT) and lifestyle education (LSE) on risk factors for coronary artery disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were compared in obese 7- to 11-yr-old black girls. The subjects were divided into two groups. The PT group (N = 12) completed a 5-d.wk-1, 10-wk, aerobic training program; and the LSE group participated in weekly lifestyle discussions to improve exercise and eating habits. The PT group showed a significant increase in aerobic fitness (P < 0.05) and decrease in percent body fat (P < 0.05), while the LSE group declined significantly more in dietary energy and percent of energy from fat (P < 0.05). Fasting insulin did not change significantly. The LSE group declined significantly more than the PT group in glucose (P < 0.05), and glycohemoglobin declined from baseline in both groups (P < 0.05). Lipid changes were similar in the two groups: total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01) and triglycerides (P < 0.05) declined, the low density lipoprotein (LDL)/apoproteinB ratio increased (which indicates a decrease in small dense LDL) (P < 0.05) and lipoprotein(a) increased (P < 0.05). Thus, the interventions were similarly effective in improving some diabetogenic and atherogenic factors, perhaps through different pathways; i.e., the PT improved fitness and fatness, while the LSE improved diet. Exercise and diet-induced changes in lipoprotein(a) require further investigation.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Gutin B,Cucuzzo N,Islam S,Smith C,Stachura MEdoi
10.1097/00005768-199601000-00009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
19-23issue
1eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
28pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To compare training loads between men and women during 14 wk of British Army standard entry basic training. METHODS:Thirty-one male (mean ± SD: age, 21 ± 4 yr; height, 1.78 ± 0.08 m; mass, 77.1 ± 10.5 kg) and 28 female (age, 22 ± 4 yr; height, 1.65 ± 0.05 m; mass, 63.9 ± 8.9 kg) British Army recruits had exter...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001716
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles (EV) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes and CVD risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EV compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults with ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002185
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify tissue oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations ([HbO2] and [HbR]) and O2 saturation (stO2) in the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis muscle and brain prefrontal cortex during knee extension with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). METHODS:S...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000393
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to design and validate a working tool for the objective evaluation of daily energy expenditure (DEE) by means of a simple, noninvasive method: the QAPSE (Saint-Etienne Physical Activity Questionnaire), a questionnaire about physical activity (PA) over a period of 7 d (168 h). This eight...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in older endurance-trained men, yet the reflex sympathetic forearm vasoconstrictor response to graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) diminishes with age. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of aerobic exercise capacity on this altered neur...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822a68a5
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) with incident glaucoma in a prospective observational study. METHODS:Physical activity was measured by self-reported leisure-time activities, and fitness was measured by maximal treadmill test. I...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001692
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Theoretically, critical torque (CT) is the maximal isometric torque that can be maintained without fatigue, and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) is the total "isometric work" associated with stored energy sources within the muscle. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine whether there we...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ab8cc0
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is the position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine that physical activity, athletic performance, and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. These organizations recommend appropriate selection of foods and fluids, timing of intak...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The way in which athletes achieve the necessary height to accomplish the rotational requirements of springboard dives was investigated by focusing upon the take-offs of dives from the forward and reverse groups. Films of eight women in the 3-m final of the 1982 Canadian championship and of five men practicing for the ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198406000-00007
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine 1) relationships between adult PA at 35 yr and PA as a child, and 2) the influence of enhanced primary school physical education (physed+) and of parental PA upon the long-term tracking of PA in the offspring. METHODS:PA data from the 1970-1977 Trois-Rivieres Growth and Development Study, completed ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000145525.29140.3b
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar patterns of quadriceps dysfunction are observed when people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency perform static and dynamic tasks. METHODS:EMG data were collected from 15 subjects with an ACL deficient knee and 15 uninjured subjects as they...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000131959.20666.11
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of a 12-wk period of aquatic training and subsequent detraining on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical fitness in females with fibromyalgia. METHODS:Thirty-four females with fibromyalgia were randomly assigned into two groups: an exercise group, who exercised for 60 min ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0b0138059aec4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been postulated that coactivation of antagonist hamstring musculature during active knee extension aids the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in maintaining joint stability by exerting an opposing torque to anterior tibial displacement induced by the quadriceps. It was the purpose of this study to compare contra...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the effects of different patterns of regular brisk walking on fitness, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and psychological well-being in previously sedentary adults. METHODS:Twenty-one subjects (14 women), aged 44.5 +/- 6.1 yr (mean +/- SD) were randomly assigned to two different, 6-wk progra...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200209000-00011
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Development of an endurance training-overtraining protocol for Wistar rats that includes increased workload and is characterized by analyses of performance and biomarkers. METHODS:The running protocol lasted 11 wk: 8 wk of daily exercise sessions followed by 3 wk of increasing training frequency (two, three, a...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318191259c
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was conducted to determine if fifth-grade students who walked or bicycled to school on a regular basis were more physically active than those that did not. METHODS:The sample consists of 219 fifth-grade students (10.3 +/- 0.6 yr, 44% male, 58% minority) from eight randomly selected urban and suburba...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000179102.17183.6b
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and evaluate the accuracy of a portable telemetric oxygen uptake analyzer (K2). Two experiments were carried out: a) using a mechanical lung, the accuracy of the K2 to measure oxygen fractions and minute ventilation following 10 and 60 min of warm-up was determin...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was conducted to test the hypothesis of autonomic imbalance in overtrained athletes during sleep and after awakening with analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) and nocturnal urine stress hormones. METHODS:We examined 12 athletes diagnosed to be severely overtrained (OA, 6 men and 6 women, mean ag...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000184631.27641.b5
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of study was to determine whether quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length and flexibility of the knee extensors and plantar flexors are related to walking and running economy. METHODS:Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measured b...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318210464a
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of exercise-induced metabolic stress on hormonal responses and chronic muscular adaptations. METHODS:We compared the acute and long-term effects of an "NR regimen" (no-rest regimen) and those of a "WR regimen" (regimen with rest period within a set). Twenty-s...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was conducted to test whether a low-frequency vibration-like stimulus (rapid variable resistance) applied during a single session of knee extension exercise would alter muscle performance. METHODS:Torque, knee joint angle, EMG activity of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, and VL...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000227318.39094.b6
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study was conducted to determine the effect of high pedaling cadences on maximal cycling power output (W(max)). METHODS:Nine well-trained cyclists performed a continuous, incremental cycle-ergometer test to exhaustion (25 W increases every 3 min) either at 80, 100, or 120 rpm on three different occasions....
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000218139.46166.ec
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the potent opioid, sufentanil, were studied in 11 athletes. Sufentanil was administered intravenously (up to 0.5 microgram.kg-1 over 10 min) to the subjects while they ran at 14 km.hr-1 on a level treadmill. Prior to, and after, the drug infusion, the treadmill was inclined by 6% for 4 min and CO2 was i...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past three to four decades, a significant amount of data was collected to reinforce the notion that mitochondrial function is irrevocably linked to mitochondrial structure. Indeed, data from numerous studies have revealed several salient points of mitochondrial biology that include the following: 1). mitoch...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005768-200301000-00014
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:Regular aerobic exercise reduces aortic stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which chronic exercise lowers arterial stiffness are not known. To determine the molecular mechanisms of these changes, the alteration of gene expression in the aorta by aerobic exercise training was measured with the mic...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000175052.37087.f8
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceptual and physiological congruity was examined during recovery from high-intensity dynamic exercise. Nine males (24.8 +/- 0.6 yr; VO2max; 52.3 +/- 1.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) undertook in random order four maximal treadmill protocols. Treadmill speed was held constant (5.3 km.h-1) while grade was incremented by 2, 4, 6, o...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:For most people, the benefits of physical activity far outweigh the risks. Research has suggested that exercise preparticipation questionnaires might refer an unwarranted number of adults for medical evaluation before exercise initiation, creating a potential barrier to adoption. The new American College of Spo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001331
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women. METHODS:Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001000
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the effect of genetic factors, birth weight, early childhood growth, sport, hours of training, and pubertal status on the stature and body mass index (BMI) of children aged 9-13 participating in sports at a competitive level. METHODS:A total of 184 children (96 girls, 88 boys), competing in swimming, ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200010000-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the wet suit effect on 8 swimmers and 8 triathletes. For swimmers, the performances of a 400-m swim with and without wet suit were not statistically different (4 min 12.5 +/- 8 s vs 4 min 13.9 +/- 4 s) while for triathletes the swim times were reduced by 19 s (4 ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00