Abstract:
:Controlled cortical impact (CCI) is a contemporary model of experimental cerebral contusion. We examined the cerebrovascular and neuropathologic effects of a severe CCI in rats. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of contusion volume after severe CCI was also established. Severe CCI (3.0 mm depth, 4 m/sec velocity) to the left (L) parietal cortex was produced in anesthetized (isoflurane/N2O/O2), intubated, and mechanically ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 58). Physiologic parameters were controlled. The time course of alterations in edema [L-R% brain water (% BW) in 3-mm coronal sections through injured and contralateral hemispheres, wet-dry weight] was evaluated at 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days posttrauma. Local cerebral blood flow (ICBF, measured in 8 structures in each hemisphere by autoradiography) was evaluated at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 days. Contusion volume (measured by histology and image analysis) was assessed at 14 days and measured in 6 rats by both MRI and histology. The survival rate after severe CCI was 96.2%. The L-R difference in % BW increased to 1.69 +/- 0.18% at 2 h, 3.00 +/- 0.08% at 24 h, 2.69 +/- 0.09% at 48 h, and 0.94 +/- 0.21% at 7 days. These values all differed from the control (p < 0.05). The % BW was greater at 24 h and 48 h than at 2 h and 7 days (p < 0.05). Marked reductions in ICBF were limited to structures in the injured hemisphere and were observed in the parietal cortex (2 and 24 h), subcortical white matter (2 and 24 h), and hippocampus (2 h), (p < 0.05) vs control rats. In the contusion core, ICBF was 19.4 +/- 8.8 mL 100 g-1 min-1 at 24 h (p = 0.011 vs normal). Necrosis was seen in large portions of the parietal cortex and subcortical white matter, and portions of the hippocampus and thalamus. Contusion volume was 47.8 +/- 9.2 mm3, which represented 14.4 +/- 2.1% of the traumatized hemisphere. Estimates of contusion volume by MRI and histology were closely correlated (r = 0.941, p < 0.017). Severe CCI in rats is accompanied by contusion, reproducible edema, and marked hypoperfusion, involving over 14% of the injured hemisphere, and can be produced with minimal mortality. T2-weighted MRI successfully and noninvasively identifies contusion volume in this model.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Kochanek PM,Marion DW,Zhang W,Schiding JK,White M,Palmer AM,Clark RS,O'Malley ME,Styren SD,Ho Cdoi
10.1089/neu.1995.12.1015subject
Has Abstract,Author List Incompletepub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
1015-25issue
6eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Individuals with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often have executive control deficits; however, the underlying neural mechanisms of such deficits are yet to be clarified. Inhibitory control and cognitive monitoring are two fundamental aspects of executive control processes. This study investigated the executive ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6122
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals housed in an enriched environment develop thicker cortices, with increased numbers of dendrites, synapses, blood vessels, and glial cells. This study examines the responses of adult rats, developmentally reared in an enriched environment, to traumatic brain injury. Rats were placed in an enriched environment f...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771504774129856
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), research has demonstrated changes suggestive of damage to white matter tracts (WMT) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Yet due to the predominant use of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) model, which has numerous well-established limitations, it has not yet been poss...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2005.22.772
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has several different actions in the nervous system. Numerous studies have shown its neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Previously, it has been demonstrated that PACAP reduces brain damage in rat models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. Ba...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.686
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in marked atrophy and dysfunction of skeletal muscle. There are currently no effective treatments for SCI-induced muscle atrophy or the dysfunction of the remaining muscle tissue. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-4 (Nox4) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4763
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimaging plays an important role in assessing axonal pathology after traumatic spinal cord injury. However, coexisting inflammation confounds imaging assessment of the severity of axonal injury. Herein, we applied diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to quantitatively differentiate and quantify underlying patho...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6016
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between brain injury and attentional control (AC) long after a childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received limited investigation. The aim of this article was to investigate the impact that lesion presence, location, and severity has on AC in a group of young persons who had sustained a moderat...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3101
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4941
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in varying degrees of disability in a significant number of persons annually. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after TBI have been explored in both animal models and human clinical studies for decades. Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic dysfunction has been descri...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3445
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently results in chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). However, the understanding of brain neural circuits in CNP modulation is unclear. The present study examined the changes of ventral tegmental area (VTA) putative GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity with CNP attenuation in rats. SCI...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5381
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of pelvic visceral inputs to neurons in the rostral medulla that are responsive to electrical stimulation of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve (VAG-abd) was investigated in a complete chronic T8 spinal transection rat model. Using extracellular electrophysiological recordings from single medullary...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0276
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in 10-25% of patients with moderate to severe injuries. The development of animal models for testing antiepileptogenic therapies and validation of biomarkers to follow epileptogenesis in humans necessitates sophisticated understa...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3221
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological characteristics of spinal cord responses recorded from the spinal epidural space of the cat to transcranial brain stimulation were studied, in comparison with the spinal cord responses to direct stimulation of the motor cortex or cerebellum. The conduction velocity of the initial wave of the response...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1990.7.247
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2313
更新日期:2012-07-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1089/0897715041526122
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1163
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the modes of cerebrovascular pressure transmission during cerebral vasodilation induced by hypercapnic challenge were examined as a means for developing the basis for a bedside method to evaluate regulation of cerebral blood flow. Recordings of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) o...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0129
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0646
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1138
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restraint stress (RS) protects auditory function against acoustic trauma by activating glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the cochlea. In a search for the signaling pathways downstream to GR that may be involved in RS-induced protection we report here (1) a downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0874
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optic nerve crush injury leads to death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), both as a direct result of the primary injury and via secondary degeneration induced by neurotoxins secreted by dying RGCs. Studies have shown that, if optic nerve crush is preceded by an unrelated injury to another part of the central nervous s...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.1072
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contusion-type cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common forms of SCI observed in patients. In particular, injuries targeting the C3-C5 region affect the pool of phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs) that innervates the diaphragm, resulting in significant and often chronic respiratory dysfunction. Using a pr...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2728
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are two prominent mechanisms of secondary injury in neurotrauma. It has been suggested that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in initiating and propagating neuroinflammation resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI), but potential benef...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7229
更新日期:2020-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::There is an urgent need for both the scientific development and clinical validation of novel therapies for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The scientific development of novel therapies would be facilitated by a better understanding of the acute pathophysiology of human SCI. Clinical validation of such therapies would ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1080
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report is a feasibility study on the utility of gel-free proteomics in identifying peripheral biomarkers of brain injury. The study was performed in six pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Serum samples collected at admission (less than 8 h after injury)...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0079
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Return to living at home is an important patient-reported outcome following traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Specialized inpatient rehabilitation assists such patients in maximizing function and independence. Our project aim was to describe those patients receiving specialized rehabilitation after tSCI in Canada, ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4930
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771501750451802
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) are highly morbid and increasingly common. Hematoma expansion is a potentially fatal complication, and few studies have examined whether factors associated with hematoma expansion vary over time. To answer this, we performed a case-control study in a cohort of initially conservatively ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7192
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00