Abstract：
:The modern study of perception began when Fechner published his 'Elements of Psychophysics' in 1860. This book has guided most perception research ever since. It has become increasingly clear that there are problems with Fechner's approach, which assumes that the percept is completely determined by the sensory input. Fechner's approach cannot explain the processes that allow our percepts to be veridical. Post-Fechnerian schools (Helmholtzian, Structural, Gestalt and Gibsonian) have tried to deal with this problem, but have not been successful. An alternative to the Fechnerian approach is required. This paper describes an alternative that has been developing over the last 20 years within the computer vision community. It treats perceptual interpretation as a solution of an inverse problem that depends critically on the operation of a priori constraints. Contemporary research, which adopted this approach, has concentrated on verifying the usefulness of Bayesian and standard regularization methods. This paper takes the next step; it discusses theoretical and empirical aspects of studying human perception as an inverse problem. It reviews the literature that illustrates the power of the inverse problem approach. This review leads to the suggestion that progress in the study of perception will benefit if the inverse approach were to be adopted by experimentalists, as well as by the computational modelers, who have been actively exploring its potential to date.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Pizlo Zdoi
10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00173-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
3145-61issue
24eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
S0042-6989(01)00173-0journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Several characteristic of aftereffects (especially the motion aftereffect) depend upon the square root of the time spent adapting. The same parameters are here examined for the contrast threshold elevation aftereffect. The time taken to recover is shown to be well predicted by root adaptation time (beyond a minimum du...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90171-e
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Camouflage is the primary defense in cuttlefish. The rich repertoire of their body patterns can be categorized into three types: uniform, mottle, and disruptive. Several recent studies have characterized spatial features of substrates responsible for eliciting these body patterns on natural and artificial backgrounds....
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.04.002
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test whether first- and second-order stimuli are processed independently in amblyopic vision, we measured thresholds for identifying a target letter flanked by two letters for all combinations of first- and second-order targets and flankers. We found that (1) the magnitude of crowding is greater for second- than fo...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.011
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:What you see depends not only on where you are looking but also on where you will look next. The pre-saccadic attention shift is an automatic enhancement of visual sensitivity at the target of the next saccade. We investigated whether and how perceptual factors independent of the oculomotor plan modulate pre-saccadic ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.017
更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia dynamically prune synaptic contacts during development, and digest waste that accumulates in degeneration and aging. In many neurodegenerative diseases, microglial activation and phagocytosis gradually increase over months or years, with poorly defined initial triggering events. Here, we describe rapid retin...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2014.07.011
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual evoked potential (VEP) in the mouse is characterized and compared to responses obtained with the electroretinogram (ERG). The results indicate that: 1, the VEP originates in the visual cortex; 2, the rod and cone pathways contribute separately to the VEP; 3, temporal tuning functions for rod and cone ERGs a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.006
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation examined the onset response of the transient visually evoked potential elicited by the appearance-disappearance of sine-wave gratings at various levels of spatial frequency, suprathreshold contrast, and stimulus duration. The response was most easily characterized by two negative-positive complexes ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(84)90083-x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two visually evoked brain responses were elicited simultaneously by stimulating the eye with two superimposed sinewave grating patterns that were temporally modulated at slightly different rates. The VEP to one grating was comparatively little affected by the presence of the other grating when the two spatial frequenc...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90151-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined normative values for the visual sensitivity threshold in 118 children aged 5-8 years, using automated static perimetry (Octopus 2000R, program 32). In addition, 17 normal adults were tested. The children first underwent a familiarization procedure. One week later, quantitative examination was performed a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00369-6
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the perceptual organization of the visual display on eye movement control was examined in two experiments using a task where a two-saccade sequence was directed toward either a single elongated object or three separate shorter objects. In the first experiment, we examined the consequences for the second sa...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.11.034
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the ability of human observers to discriminate the direction of laterally-moving cyclopean stimuli, in order to assess some of the properties of stereoscopic mechanisms that mediate the perception of cyclopean motion (motion existing at levels of binocular integration). The stimuli were moving ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90122-y
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system's computation of lightness (perceived reflectance) leads to contrast effects in which a gray target region appears lighter on a black background than on a white one. Here we show a paradoxical contrast effect in which targets look lighter after adding regions that increase the scene's average luminan...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The foveal region of the retina has a yellow pigmentation composed primarily of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Past studies have shown that cigarette smoking depresses carotenoid concentrations in the blood. This is the first report on the effects of cigarette smoking on carotenoids in the retina. Macular pigm...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(96)00008-9
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Refractive error, higher order aberrations (HOA), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and average corneal radius of curvature were measured after cycloplegia from 166 emmetropic participants at the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS, 2004-2005, age 12.63 ± 0.48 years). Measurements were repeated approximately 5 year...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eyespots in cells of streptomycin-bleached strains and of dark-grown cultures of Euglena gracilis, were examined by means of fluorescence microscopy and microspectrophotometry. When viewed with light in the region of 380-500 nm, the stigma appeared as a dark spot. Adjacent to this was a second spot, not seen with ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90151-8
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic random dot fusion, stereopsis and stereoacuity were evaluated in 149 healthy, fullterm infants, using both forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) and steady-state visual evoked potential (VEP) protocols. Few infants aged 2-3 months demonstrated fusion or stereopsis in either the FPL or VEP protocol; most inf...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(95)00183-2
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of axons in the optic nerve have been examined in rat pups raised by control or taurine-depleted mothers, at 21, 28 and 40 days after birth. Optic nerves from the mother rats were also studied. Taurine depletion of dams and some litters after weaning was achieved by in vivo treatment with guanidinoethyl sul...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(88)90133-2
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Any complete theory of human stereopsis must model not only how the correspondences between locations in the two views are determined and the depths are recovered from their disparity, but also how the ambiguity arising from such factors as noise, periodicity, and large regions of constant intensity are resolved and m...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.06.028
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, psychophysical studies have shown that humans with amblyopia do have binocular function that is not normally revealed due to dominant suppressive interactions under normal viewing conditions. Here we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) combined with dichoptic visual stimulation to investigate the underlying bin...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2017.07.014
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motion perception influences perceived position. It has been shown that first-order (luminance defined) motion shifts perceived position across a wide range of spatial and temporal frequencies. On the other hand, second-order (contrast defined) motion shifts perceived position over a narrow range of temporal frequenci...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous experiments testing grating and vernier acuities in albino central vision are consistent with the hypothesis that the deficit in their monocular spatial processing is mainly due to the increased spacing of their foveal cones. This was tested by measuring albino spatial frequency discrimination over the range ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(89)90138-7
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The familiarity effect (FE) refers to the phenomenon that it is easier to find an unfamiliar element on a background of familiar elements than vice versa. In this study, we examined the FE in texture segmentation while recording event-related brain potentials with the aim to find out which processing stages were influ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2017.08.002
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A panel of anti-bovine rhodopsin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of defined site-specificity has been prepared and used for functional and topographic studies of rhodopsins. In order to select these antibodies, hybridoma supernatants that contained anti-rhodopsin antibodies have been screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbe...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90069-h
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(-)[3H]Noradrenaline and [3H]clonidine bind in a saturable fashion to membrane preparations of bovine retinas. The dissociation constant for (-)[3H]noradrenaline is about 26 nM and for [3H]clonidine approximately 11.7 nM. The degree of (-)[3H]noradrenaline and [3H]clonidine binding associated with subcellular fraction...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(82)90230-9
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perceived contrast, contrast detection thresholds and contrast discrimination thresholds were measured in the presence and absence of surrounding patterns of a similar spatio-temporal makeup. In the foveal retina we found that the perceived contrast of the central pattern was reduced by the presence of the contrast su...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00379-9
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of prism-induced disparity on static and intrasaccadic alignment in six normal human subjects. A ten diopter base-out prism, calling for convergence, was placed in front of the central field of the right eye, so that at the center the eye viewed through the prism; at left and right, outside the ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00156-4
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of human magnocellular (M)-pathway disruption on global motion perception. Coherence thresholds for global motion direction discrimination in random dot patterns were determined at slow and moderate dot speeds: (1) after adaptation to full-field sinusoidal flicke...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2004.06.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thresholds for detecting brief, white, foveal test flashes drop abruptly within 0.2 sec of the offset of a white adapting field. The magnitude of the abrupt drop is proportional to the square root of field intensity (square root of I) correct for bleaching and dark light. Thresholds are then stable out to 1.6 sec for ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00201-0
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine if there is an ERG component (alpha-wave, b-wave, oscillatory potentials) which can be used to account for the intraretinal processing time. To address this issue, ERGs and LGN unit responses were recorded simultaneously from anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits. A gradual decrea...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90048-p
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rotating Pulfrich effect is described and analysed in relation to the Fertsch-Pulfrich latency difference theory. Although some of the predictions conflicted with observations described by Pulfrich [Naturwissenschaften 10, 553-564 (1922)], they were confirmed by experiment, and led to a simple and sensitive method o...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(86)90035-0
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
