Abstract:
:Nosocomial infections appear to be increased in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), compared to individuals with asymptomatic infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Risk factors for bacterial colonization and infection include immunosuppression, prior treatment with some antibiotics, increased hospitalizations with longer lengths of stay, greater exposure to invasive devices such as indwelling intravenous or urinary catheters, and the degree of immunosuppression. Data suggest that other infectious agents such as Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Cryptosporidium may be acquired in healthcare facilities. Diagnosis and management of nosocomial infections in HIV-infected persons may be complicated by an atypical presentation, increased rates of relapse following treatment, presence of multiple infections, and early discharge from the inpatient setting. Accurate assessment of nosocomial infections and outbreaks in the hospital is complicated by limited data on the risk of transmission of both traditional and unusual pathogens in this population. Furthermore, some patients may acquire nosocomial pathogens during their initial hospitalization and present later with infections that normally would be classified as community acquired. Therefore, there probably is an underestimation of current nosocomial infection rates, and perhaps "hospital-associated" or "healthcare-facility-associated" might be more accurate terms for these infections.
journal_name
Infect Control Hosp Epidemioljournal_title
Infection control and hospital epidemiologyauthors
Craven DE,Steger KA,Hirschhorn LRdoi
10.1086/647300subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
304-18issue
5eissn
0899-823Xissn
1559-6834journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We report the results of a 2-year, 7-center program of surveillance of deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after cardiac surgery. DSWI was defined as the need for reoperation. Stratification data were abstracted from computerized files. The incidence of DSWI was 2.2% (198 of 8,816 cardiac surgery procedures). The risk...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/509853
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians and clinical employees at a children's hospital were surveyed to compare their tuberculosis (TB) screening and immunization statuses. Failure to offer screening and immunization services to non-employee physicians was associated with lower rates of reported immunity to several vaccine-preventable diseases a...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501769
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To reconstruct the infection curve for the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Taiwan and to ascertain the temporal changes in the daily number of infections that occurred during the course of the outbreak. METHOD:Back-projection method. RESULTS:The peaks of the epidemic correspond we...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/516656
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE To analyze whether electronically available comorbid conditions are risk factors for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined, hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) after controlling for antibiotic and gastric acid suppression therapy use. PATIENTS Patients aged ≥18 years admit...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2018.10
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVESThe risk of cross infection in a busy emergency department (ED) is a serious public health concern, especially in times of pandemic threats. We simulated cross infections due to respiratory diseases spread by large droplets using empirical data on contacts (ie, close-proximity interactions of ≤1m) in an ED t...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2018.61
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the clinical and economic burden of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in Massachusetts over 2 years. DESIGN:A retrospective analysis of Massachusetts hospital discharge data from 1999-2003 was conducted. Cases of CDAD in 2000 were identified using code 008.45 from the International ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/522676
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Quality Indicator Study Group was created by the governing boards of three national professional organizations that have interest and experience in epidemiology, nosocomial infection control and prevention, and quality of care improvement. The Study Group has reviewed the existing literature concerning quality ind...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1086/647112
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the rapid transfer of patients from the acute-care setting, the intensity of nursing care among residents in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) has increased, transforming today's LTCFs into subacute healthcare facilities. Given the increased risk of infection among residents in LTCFs and the associated morbidit...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501581
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotics are overprescribed for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Guidelines provide criteria to determine which patients should receive antibiotics. We assessed congruence between documentation of ARI diagnostic and treatment practices with guideline recommendations, treatment appropriateness, a...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2019.16
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Describe the epidemiology of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) participating in a standardized and mandatory CLABSI surveillance program. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort. Setting. We included patients admitted (April 2007-March 2011) to 7 level II/I...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/673464
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the level of hand or glove contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) who touch a patient colonized with VRE and/or the colonized patient's environment during routine care. DESIGN:Structured observational study. SETTING:Medical intensive care unit o...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/524331
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify patient-care practices related to an increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among chronic hemodialysis patients. DESIGN:Survey. SETTING:Chronic hemodialysis facilities in the United States. PARTICIPANTS:Equal-probability 2-stage cluster sampling was used to select 87 faciliti...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/659407
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore how hand hygiene observer scheduling influences the number of events and unique individuals observed. DESIGN:We deployed a mobile sensor network to capture detailed movement data for 6 categories of healthcare workers over a 2-week period. SETTING: University of Iowa Hospital and Clinic medical ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/666346
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Corynebacterium minutissimum is well-known as the cause of erythrasma, it is noted as the etiologic agent of nondermatologic disease only rarely. We document this organism as a cause of central venous catheter-associated bacteremia and report the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize its mol...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1086/647726
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is performed using a variety of methods with unclear performance characteristics. We used claims data to identify records for review following hysterectomy and colorectal surgery. Claims-enhanced screening identified SSIs missed by routine surveillance and could be used for t...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/673975
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This retrospective case-control study examined whether there was a difference in length of time awaiting long-term-care placement for patients identified as having methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus compared to controls. Thirty-nine patients with methicillin-resistant Stap...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501757
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study was conducted to determine the mortality rate in patients with healthcare-associated infection (HAI) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. The 28-day mortality rate for patients with MDR A. baumannii HAI was not significantly different than that for ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/591456
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Ambulatory healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur frequently in children and are associated with morbidity. Less is known about ambulatory HAI costs. This study estimated additional costs associated with pediatric ambulatory central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2020.305
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate and control an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) occurring in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to determine signs specific for EKC in newborns. DESIGN:Outbreak investigation and case-control study. SETTING:NICU of a 1,600-bed university hospital in Heidelberg, Germany....
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/502247
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2011, institutional requirements for pertussis vaccination of healthcare personnel were reported by nearly one-third of surveyed US hospitals. Requirements often applied to personnel with certain clinical responsibilities, such as those caring for infants. Healthcare personnel who were not on an institution's payro...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/662711
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether alcohol hand disinfection is an effective alternative to traditional agents for the pre-surgical scrub. DESIGN:A prospective clinical trial of a 70% isopropanol pre-surgical hand disinfectant. SETTING:The operating room suites at two hospital sites in British Columbia. METHODS:Cases we...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501835
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The sterility assurance level of 10(-6) is an established standard that defines the quality of sterile products. The aim of the present study was to develop a method that correlated the results from microbial-barrier testing of flexible sterile barrier systems with the estimated microbial challenge that the p...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/593208
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Molecular epidemiologic surveillance of Acinetobacter baumannii by polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis in a university hospital for 3 consecutive study periods. RESULTS:Twelve different Acinetobacter baumannii genotypes (A-L) were detected. Although only 2 genotypes were det...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/503349
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated alternative measurement methodology for infrared body thermometry to increase accuracy for outdoor fever screening during the 2003 SARS epidemic. Our results indicate that the auditory meatus temperature is a superior alternative compared with the forehead body surface temperature due to its close appr...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1086/502351
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthcare-associated infection reporting validation is essential because this information is increasingly used in public healthcare quality assurances and care reimbursement. Washington State's validation of central line-associated bloodstream infection reporting applies credible quality sciences methods to ensure th...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2016.303
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a standardized surveillance system for monitoring hemodialysis vascular-access infections in order to compare infection rates between outpatient sites and to assess the effectiveness of infection control interventions. DESIGN:Prospective descriptive analysis of incidence infection rates. SETTING:...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501744
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the ability of a medical waste disposal process using chlorine dioxide to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DESIGN:Stock HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB strain) was treated with chlorine dioxide under the following settings: cell culture medium alone, culture medium with 25% blood, culture me...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/646798
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is often resistant to major classes of antifungal drugs. It is considered a serious global health threat because it can cause severe infections with frequent mortality in more than a dozen countries. It can survive on healthcare environmental surfaces for at least 7 da...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2019.1
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To ascertain the microbiology of skin abscesses, emergency department records were reviewed to identify patients with debrided skin abscesses. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 255 (67.6%) of 377 culture samples from episodes in the adult cohort and from 145 (79.7%) of 182 culture samples f...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/516799
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mite Dermanyssus gallinae may cause pruritic dermatitis in humans. We describe a case of nosocomial infestation with D. gallinae from an abandoned pigeon nest suspended on the front wall of the Hôpital Henri Mondor near a window. Close surveillance and regular destruction of pigeon nests could prevent these incide...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/528815
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00