Preoperative screening: what tests are necessary?

abstract：:Therapy with nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has long been the cornerstone of pharmacologic management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many patients with OA or RA, however, are at increased risk of developing clinically significant adverse events associate...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Schnitzer TJ,Hochberg MC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifestyle modifications in conjunction with antidiabetes medications can produce near-normal blood glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because these patients have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, treatment strategies should also address the cardiovascular aspects o...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Peters AL

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The decline in testosterone with age has been associated with specific physical changes that affect quality of life and life expectancy, although a cause-and-effect relationship is yet to be established. While female menopause is rapid and well described, "male menopause" or androgen decline in older men is gradual an...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： McGill JJ,Shoskes DA,Sabanegh ES

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonspinal musculoskeletal disorders frequently cause neck and back pain and thus can mimic conditions of the spine. Common mimics are rotator cuff tears, bursitis in the hip, peripheral nerve compression, and arthritis in the shoulder and hip. A thorough history and physical examination, imaging studies, and ancillary...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Pateder DB,Brems J,Lieberman I,Bell GR,McLain RF

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclospora cayetanensis, an emerging pathogen with worldwide distribution, causes diarrhea in both immunocompetent and HIV-infected patients. We review the epidemiology of Cyclospora infection and how to diagnose and treat it. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gumbo T,Gordon SM,Adal KA

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have unique needs. Treatment recommendations are the same for men and women, but in women, fertility desires, pregnancy, contraception, and aging must be taken into account in their medical care. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Short WR,Anderson JR

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SCS is an efficacious, reversible, and safe therapy that improves quality of life, increases exercise tolerance, and relieves angina pectoris, but clinical trials in North America are needed to confirm the data coming from Europe. Neuronal convergence onto STT cells underlies the referred pain associated with angina p...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Foreman RD

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:COVID-19 infection is associated with several cardiac complications with high rates of adverse outcomes. Cardiac imaging has different utility in different clinical scenarios, and the importance of minimizing healthcare worker exposure should be considered. Cardiac imaging should only be ordered if its benefits outwei...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Wang TKM,Tang WHW,Flamm SD,Griffin B,Dugar S,Grimm RA,Kwon DH

更新日期：2020-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common manifestation of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitides (AASV), which include granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. The level of renal involvement at presentation is highly predictive of survival and should be assessed early...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： de Groot K

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the article "Quitting smoking: Still a challenge, but newer tools show promise," (Collins GB, Jerry JM, Bales R. Cleve Clin J Med 2015; 82:39-48), the reference sequencing has been corrected. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Collins GB,Jerry JM,Bales R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there has not been a dramatic decrease in the frequency of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the HIV-infected population. Usually a multifocal progressive diseas...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Simpson DM

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many patients are donating their own blood before surgery to avoid blood-borne infections, often on the advice of their physicians. But autologous blood transfusion, while safer than allogeneic transfusion, is not completely risk-free. It is also expensive, its benefits are difficult to assess, and its increasing popu...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Domen RE

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether migraine exhibits a circadian rhythm or occurs randomly throughout the day, we analyzed the time of migraine onset in 15 migraine suffers (migraineurs) over 20 weeks. The patients suffered 211 migraine attacks over 20 weeks (range 3 to 30, median 13). Twelve of the 15 migraineurs had 50% or more o...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Solomon GD

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition associated with impaired quality of life, depression, drowsy driving and motor vehicle accidents, metabolic disease, and cognitive decline. The mechanisms accounting for OSA and metabolic disease include hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and systemic inflammation. OSA a...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Walia HK

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women with heart failure differ from their male counterparts in a number of ways, including etiology, pattern of cardiac remodeling, and prognosis. They may even respond differently to medical therapy. But until prospective, sex-specific studies show that we should do otherwise, we recommend that women with heart fail...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Mezu U,Bott-Silverman C,Hsich E

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a useful clinical predictor of coronary heart disease, raising the HDL cholesterol level does not necessarily lower this risk. Part of the explanation for this paradox may be that, under certain conditions, HDL either can be less functional as an an...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Ansell BJ

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) have a markedly better survival rate today than they did 50 years ago, but they face a greater risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis at early ages. With better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the disease, new avenues of therapy...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Manzi S

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aromatase inhibitors are established first-line drugs for treating metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and are gaining acceptance as adjuvant treatment as well. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Hill J,Moore H

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tailored care will increasingly become the hallmark of treatment for patients with hypertension in the 1990s. In mildly hypertensive patients, treatment should begin with nonpharmacologic approaches to lower blood pressure and reduce the patient's cardiovascular risk profile. The ever-increasing array of antihypertens...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Vidt DG

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic syndrome is likely to develop in patients in whom genetic predisposition, chronic stress, negative emotion, and unhealthy lifestyle habits converge. In light of the psychophysiologic aspect of most of these factors, biofeedback, relaxation, and other psychophysiologic interventions have been studied and ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： McGrady A

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most patients find some relief with current agents, even though a poor understanding of the causes of chronic primary headache limits prophylaxis and treatment. The author reviews current preventive and treatment strategies for migraine, chronic tension headache, cluster headache, and substance withdrawal headache. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Solomon GD

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurohormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a promising target in the treatment of heart failure because AVP promotes congestion and hyponatremia, each of which is associated with poor outcomes. Diuretics are standard therapy for heart failure, but they have several limitations, including worsening renal function a...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gheorghiade M

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although atrial fibrillation is well tolerated by most patients, in some patients the consequences may be severe. The Maze procedure is a new open-heart operation that creates a carefully designed maze of incisions in the atrial myocardium; this maze then acts as an electrical conduit to channel atrial impulses from t...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： McCarthy PM,Castle LW,Trohman RG,Simmons TW,Maloney JD,Klein AL,White RD,Cox JL

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of hepatitis C has evolved rapidly since the identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1989. Since the first accepted therapy for HCV infection, recombinant interferon, received marketing approval a little more than a decade ago, it has come to be used in combination with ribavirin for improved ra...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Saadeh S,Davis GL

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, a potentially fatal but rare reaction, manifests as rash, fever, tender lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and eosinophilia. To manage hypersensitivity syndrome successfully, one must recognize the symptoms early, stop the offending drug immediately, and substitute a safe, alternativ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Hamer HM,Morris HH

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concern has been raised about whether the fluid retention caused by thiazolidinediones (TZDs, ie, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) can cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure. Although fluid retention is a worrisome side effect of TZDs, current evidence does not link fluid retention caused by TZDs with worsening h...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Tang WH

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decisions about whether and how long to treat seizures in children and adolescents should be based on rational criteria and knowledge of the natural history of epileptic syndromes, rather than on the presumption that all seizures should be treated at any cost. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Zacharowicz L,Moshé SL

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is epidemic and dangerous. Weight loss is difficult but worth the effort. Although new weight-loss drugs are available, there are no magic bullets: to lose weight and keep it off, people must eat less and exercise more. This article presents a practical approach on how physicians can help their patients lose w...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Weiss D

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The threshold for testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) should be low for persons with any risk factor for HCV infection. Current practice calls for first screening for antibodies to HCV and then testing for HCV RNA in those in whom antibodies are detected. Viral testing can distinguish between active and resolved HCV i...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Carey W

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intermittent claudication (IC) is the classic complaint associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and can significantly limit a patient's lifestyle and workplace abilities. IC is defined as reproducible pain affecting the muscles of the lower extremities that begins and increases with activity and resolves wit...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Carman TL,Fernandez BB Jr

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00