Abstract:
:The mummification methods of an ancient maritime population on the northern coast of Chile are reviewed and the findings in an additional seven individuals are reported. Members of this cultural group, Chinchorro, practiced a selective, elaborate form of artificial mummification which persisted more than 4,000 years. Its complexity diminished with time, gradually disappearing after 2,000 B.C. One of the seven individuals herein reported is a rather poorly but spontaneously ("naturally") preserved body that may represent the oldest mummy reported to date--about 9,000 years old. Chemical reconstruction of their diet demonstrates that the principal component was derived from marine resources with only minor supplementation from terrestrial hunting as well as food gathering from river mouth vegetal sources, confirming the marine dependence of their adaptational strategy.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Aufderheide AC,Muñoz I,Arriaza Bdoi
10.1002/ajpa.1330910205subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-06-01 00:00:00pages
189-201issue
2eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three-dimensional (3D) trapezium models from Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Australopithecus afarensis (A.L.333-80), and Homo habilis (O.H.7-NNQ) were acquired through laser digitizing. Least-square planes were generated for each articular surface, and the angles between the planes were compared. Each...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10235
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stepwise discriminant function analysis for sex assessment was applied to 130 North American Black femora. The measurements included femoral length and three midshaft dimensions likely to be preserved in archaeologically-derived and forensic remains. The method correctly assigned sex for 76.4% of the sample (range 70....
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330580206
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodic episodes of food scarcity may highlight the adaptive value of certain anatomical traits, particularly those that facilitate the acquisition and digestion of exigent fallback foods. To better understand the selective pressures that favored the distinctive dental and locomotor morphologies of gibbons and orangu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21119
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is sometimes used to test seasonality in births or other annually cyclic phenomena. However, it is shown that the maximum deviation from expected (D) may differ by a factor of almost two if the cycle is initiated in different months. Thus, different results are possible from the ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680310
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Many studies on subadult sex estimation focus on elements that express sexually dimorphic features in adults. In contrast, diaphyseal dimensions have been shown to display sex-specific differences prior to adolescence. The current study evaluates the use of diaphyseal dimensions in subadult sex estimation. ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23185
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leprosy was a well-recognized and dreaded disease in medieval Europe (5th-15th century AD). It is reported to have reached Germany with the Roman invasion. A much larger fraction than previously assumed appears to have been affected by leprosy in the medieval period. This article estimates the frequency (i.e., the pre...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20744
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pliopithecinae and Crouzeliinae (Primates: Pliopithecidae) are distinguished dentally by the sharper crests, more compressed cusps, larger foveae, and narrower molars of the latter. Traditionally, such differences were qualitatively related to increased folivory in crouzeliines. This was subsequently disproved by micr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22299
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Miles method of age estimation relies on molar wear to estimate age and is widely used in bioarcheological contexts. However, because the method requires physical seriation and a sample of subadults to estimate wear rates it cannot be applied to many samples. Here, we modify the Miles method by scoring occlusal we...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22106
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population genetic studies in Saudi Arabia are performed for EsD, GPT, AcP, ADA, AK, 6-PGD, PGM, C3, Tf, Hp, Gc, Pi, Bf, Hb, ABO-blood groups and Rh-factor, level of the third component of complement and immunoglobulins. The data are compared with reported frequencies in European and African populations. ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500217
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study attempts to fill a persistent gap in the literature by documenting the timing of epiphyseal union at the vertebral end of the ribs in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons. The skeletal remains of 53 females and 45 males, between the ages of 11 and 30, were taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collec...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21065
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in recent human mandibular form is often thought to reflect differences in masticatory behavior associated with variation in food preparation and subsistence strategies. Nevertheless, while mandibular variation in some human comparisons appear to reflect differences in functional loading, other comparisons i...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22437
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of teeth as tools provides clues to past subsistence patterns and cultural practices. Five Holocene period hunter-fisher-gatherer mortuary sites from the south-western region of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russian Federation, are observed for activity-induced dental modification (AIDM) to further characterize their ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21313
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field observations of bipedal posture and locomotion in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can serve as key evidence for reconstructing the likely origins of bipedalism in the last prehominid human ancestor. This paper reports on a sample of bipedal bouts, recorded ad libitum, in wild chimpanzees in Bwindi Impenetrabl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20284
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lack of independence of data points or the pooling fallacy has been suggested as a potential problem in the study of handedness in nonhuman primates, particularly as it relates to whether hand use responses should be recorded as individual events or bouts of activity. Here, I argue that there is no evidence that the c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22248
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22285
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The name "Wampanoag" means "Eastern People" or "People of the First Light" in the local dialect of the Algonquian language. Once extensively populating the coastal lands and neighboring islands of the eastern United States, the Wampanoag people now consist of two federally recognized tribes, the Aquinnah and Mashpee, ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21281
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of water consumption by past human populations are rarely considered, yet drinking behavior is socially mediated and access to water sources is often socially controlled. Oxygen isotope analysis of archeological human remains is commonly used to identify migrants in the archeological record, but it can also b...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22544
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:It is a big challenge to diagnose the motives behind trepanations in prehistoric crania. Surgical-therapeutic attempts may be apparent by the presence of fractures, however, ritual or nonmedical motives are rarely supported by visible evidence in the bones. This article presents data on the trepanations of s...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22996
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The Early Neolithic involved an important social and economic shift that can be tested not only with the material culture, but also through biomolecular approaches. The Iberian Peninsula presents few Early Neolithic sites where fauna and humans can be analyzed together from an isotopic perspective. Here we p...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23622
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basicranium has been argued to contain a strong phylogenetic signal in previous analyses of primate cranial morphology. Therefore, further study of basicranial morphology may offer new insights into controversial phylogenetic relationships within primate groups. In this study, I apply 3-D geometric morphometric te...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21370
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linkage disequilibria are estimated for three 2-locus systems in 18 samples from Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands. The systems are haptoglobin, acid phosphatase and MN blood group. The disequilibria are estimated two ways: by maximum likelihood (ML) and by the covariance between the non-alleles. Though seven of th...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330480305
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurately estimating biological sex from the human skeleton can be especially difficult for fragmentary or incomplete remains often encountered in bioarchaeological contexts. Where typical anatomically dimorphic skeletal regions are incomplete or absent, observers often take their best guess to classify biological se...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22295
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study are to describe genetic correlations between dental dimensions in a platyrrhine primate, to assess whether the brown-mantled tamarin dentition exhibits genetic modularity by tooth type, and to discuss the relationship between body size reduction and the genetic architecture of de...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23861
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A marked asymmetry was previously reported in the sacral alae and S1-L5 facets orientation of the Neandertal individual Regourdou 1. Here, we provide a detailed description and quantification of the morphology and degree of asymmetry of this sacrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Regourdou 1 was compared to a modern ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23968
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Studies of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(13) C and δ(15) N) of modern tissues with a fast turnover, such as hair and fingernails, have established the relationship between these values in mothers and their infants during breastfeeding and weaning. Using collagen from high-resolution dentin...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22736
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principal components analysis was used to quantify the variability in crown outlines of maxillary molars in Australian Aboriginals. The outlines were measured by 36 radii from the central pit to the crown periphery. The first component, responsible for over half of the total variance, was concerned with general crown ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330820306
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ul...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21170
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of the factors affecting growth and psychological development of over 100 infants from birth to age 6 months in the Embu region of Kenya. The analysis was divided into four parts. First, infants' birth weight, and length and head circumference as measured few days...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<89::AID-AJPA6
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fingers in the adult human hand differ in length and in distal extent. The literature agrees that in the clear majority of males, the distal extent of the ring finger tends to be relatively greater (using the middle finger as standard) than the index finger. However, the results for females vary considerably, with...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10029
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that primates utilize a compliant gait to help reduce peak locomotor stresses on their limbs (Schmitt [1994] J. Hum. Evol. 26:441-458; Schmitt [ 1998] Primate Locomotion, p. 175-200; Schmitt [ 1999] J. Zool. Lond. 248:149-160). However, the components of such a gait, i.e., increased step length, ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10366
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00