Abstract:
:Reconstruction of the nipple is the penultimate step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. A number of reconstructive techniques have been described for nipple reconstruction including skin grafts, composite grafts, and various local flaps. The authors' preferred reconstructive technique is the local C-V or modified star flap. This flap produces an excellent reconstruction, but it is dependent on underlying subcutaneous fat to provide bulk to the reconstructed nipple. In most instances, the subcutaneous tissue is adequate. However, under certain circumstances, the subcutaneous fat may be insufficient to produce a nipple of adequate projection. Two cases of bilateral nipple reconstruction after soft-tissue expansion and implant placement and subsequent nipple reconstruction with local flaps provided inadequate nipple projection. These instances, as well as a retrospective review of reconstructed nipples after mound restoration using a variety of techniques, led the authors to conclude that a more predictable alternative to sustain nipple projection was necessary. The authors identified two broad categories of breast reconstruction patients in whom this new technique would be beneficial. In the first category of patients, breast mounds are reconstructed with tissue expansion and implant insertion, and in the second category, breast mounds are reconstructed by any technique in which the nipple reconstruction subsequently flattens. This article describes the indications, techniques, and experience in 13 patients treated over a 10-month period with fat grafting for nipple reconstruction.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Bernard RW,Beran SJdoi
10.1097/01.PRS.0000076245.12249.BEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-15 00:00:00pages
964-8issue
4eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Perforator flaps are increasingly used in reconstructive surgery. However, the microvascular perfusion pattern within these flaps remains essentially unknown. In perforator flaps, the importance of preserving the skin bridge at the base is still an object of debate. The authors hypothesized that dividing the...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824423f8
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The accepted surgical correction of Tessier no. 3 and no. 4 craniofacial clefts is the use of interdigitating skin flaps along the line of the facial cleft, which frequently results in unsightly facial scars, poor skin color match, and an unnatural facial expression. The authors report their technique of mid...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824ec310
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postoperative monitoring of free flaps is important to minimize the risk of flap failure, but monitoring buried free flaps is difficult because the standard methods of clinical examination and surface Doppler monitoring are not possible. Buried free flaps are often monitored using an implantable 20-MHz ultra...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000221113.78244.8c
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The nasolabial angle is the angle between the line drawn through the midpoint of the nostril aperture and a line drawn perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal plane while intersecting subnasale. Previous analysis by the authors' department yielded closer ranges between men and women of 96 and 98 degrees, r...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182958b40
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The external ear of the rat is an excellent model for practicing microsurgical dissection and for the refinement of microvascular anastomoses, techniques that are crucial for microvascular en bloc tissue transfer and replantation. Preparation of the rat ear for replantation requires familiarity with the vascular anato...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199005000-00020
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection is a serious complication of breast augmentation and tissue expansion with inflatable devices. Several reports have shown that fungi may be able to survive, colonize, and even cause infection in saline-filled devices. The mechanism of how they penetrate, spread, and colonize inside the inflatable implants is...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000135855.29657.91
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soft-tissue deficits in amputation stumps can lead to significant pain and disability. An emerging treatment option is stem cell-enriched fat grafting. This is the first study assessing the potential for this treatment modality in lower extremity amputation sites. In this prospective cohort study, five injured militar...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004889
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 25 random patients undergoing rhytidectomy, we did unilateral subplatysmal-fascial dissections of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the face and neck--with redistribution of the tension of this system and fixation by suturing. Late evaluation of these patients by 3 observers showed no detectable d...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197712000-00002
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The vascular anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, which has not previously been elucidated, was examined using three- and four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography and venography. METHODS:Twenty-five thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps were harvested from fresh cadavers from the We...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31816b1479
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The median facial dysplasia group of patients is a unique, distinct, definable group characterized by mid-line facial deficiencies in the presence of a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate and without clinically detectable anomalies of the brain. This group of patients comprised 2 percent of ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the progressive changes of nasal symmetry, growth, and relapse after presurgical nasoalveolar molding and primary cheiloplasty in unilateral complete cleft lip/palate infants. Twenty-five consecutive complete unilateral cleft lip/palate infants were included. All the infants und...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000133027.04252.7a
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cranial fasciitis of childhood is a benign lesion occurring superficial to or involving the cranial bones of children at a median age of 18 months, with a male sex predilection of 2:1. It is histologically described as a well-circumscribed, loose proliferation of stellate to spindle-shaped fibroblasts in a myxoid back...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199004000-00018
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The main drawback of autologous fat grafting, which is commonly used for soft-tissue augmentation, is the high resorption rate. Cell-assisted lipotransfer has been used to improve fat graft survival; however, evidence for its efficacy and safety is still lacking. METHODS:The authors searched PubMed, Cochran...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001981
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of performing vascularized musculoskeletal xenografts between mice and rats using immunosuppression. Vascularized musculoskeletal grafts were harvested from the hind limb of C57BL/6J (B6) mice, transplanted heterotopically into Lewis rats, and revascularized by mic...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200004050-00015
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a rapid and inexpensive staining method for identification of motor and sensory fibers within 1 hour (intraoperatively). This method should be easy to use in any hospital where frozen histologic sectioning is available. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199209000-00029
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The idea of autologous fat microtransplants has recently resurfaced because of interest by the press. Past experiments have shown that small amounts of fat may be transplanted with an expected survival rate between 10 and 50 percent without ectodermis. A great fund of knowledge exists showing that skin grafts will sur...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Harvesting of rib as a source of cartilage can result in significant donor-site morbidity. In experienced hands, excellent results from using autologous rib cartilage are achievable for ear reconstruction, rhinoplasty, and otolaryngology. The authors report the morbidity associated with the harvest of costal...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318170709e
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cartilage structures from the head and neck possess a certain but limited capacity to heal after injury. This capacity is accredited to the perichondrium. In this study, the role of the inner (cambium) and the outer (fibrous) layers of the perichondrium in cartilage wound healing in vitro is investigated. For the firs...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000020991.10201.6C
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sweet's syndrome, originally described as an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, belongs to a class of skin lesions that histologically have intense epidermal and/or dermal inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils without evidence of infection or vasculitis. Skin lesions of Sweet's syndrome most commonly pr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000172890.53979.09
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our procedure, in which the inverted nipple was suspended using autogenous tendon grafts, was easy to perform, and it was not necessary to cut the lactiferous ducts. There was no deformity of the nipple or areola after this procedure, and the surgical scars were inconspicuous. Three patients who were followed up for o...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199011000-00030
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the University of Virginia Hospital we have developed a new technique of urethroplasty utilizing a full-thickness flap of bladder wall. Tubing and transfer of the flap may be completed in two stages. The bladder flap is approximately 28 X 4 cm in size. Strictures have not occurred with this technique, but special c...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198408000-00015
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are a robust, multipotent cell source. They are easily harvested and exhibit promise in a variety of regenerative applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aging impact on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, relating to morphology, senescent proper...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182729cfc
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of scleroderma is presented in which there was extensive skin involvement with contractures, but without any systemic manifestation. This patient has been kept ambulatory by repeated skin grafting. The grafts were taken from the few areas which were not involved with the disease. The grafting was successful, an...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197905000-00031
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A concise protocol for the rehabilitation of the upper extremity after replantation is presented with special emphasis in the early mobilization of the hand. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00006534-200203000-00027
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle denervation is a complex clinical problem that still lacks a comprehensive solution. Previous studies have suggested that prolonged periods of denervation lead to a decline in the muscle stem cell population, negatively affecting the ability of muscle to regenerate following reinnervation. Re...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005370
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast augmentation techniques using the submuscular and subglandular planes to introduce the implant are well known and widely used procedures. The authors have been using the subfascial dissection plane, a new concept for breast augmentation. From October of 1998 to September of 2001, 263 patients underwent breast a...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000041601.59651.15
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poorly healing mandibular fractures and osteotomies can be troublesome complications of craniomaxillofacial trauma and reconstructive surgery. Gene therapy may offer ways of enhancing bone formation by altering the expression of desired growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. The elucidation of suitable can...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200005000-00018
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guided bone regeneration is a promising means for reconstructing bone defects in the cranium. The present study was performed to better define those factors that affect osteogenesis in the cranium. The authors studied a single animal model, investigating the contribution of the dura, the pericranium, and the adjacent ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000070728.56716.51
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty patients with microvascular fibula flap reconstruction of oromandibular defects were selected for implant-retained prosthodontic rehabilitation. A total of 71 osseointegrated implants were placed within the grafted fibulas. Four patients had immediate implant placement at the time of their reconstructive surger...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199702000-00008
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The transition zone between cheek superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and malar SMAS is difficult to raise because of proximity of zygomatic nerve branches. The authors attempted to clarify the three-dimensional anatomy of the retaining ligaments in relation to nerve branches in this area. METHODS:...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182789c5c
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00