Abstract：
:The alpha antitoxin contents of the International Reference Preparations of Clostridium welchii Types B and D Antitoxins were assayed against two type A test toxins-Cl. welchii (perfringens) test toxin P2, issued by the Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, and Cl. welchii test toxin AGX 1373, issued by the Wellcome Research Laboratories, England-the alpha toxin contents of which were first determined against the International Standard Alpha Antitoxin. Three methods of assay were used: mouse killing (the L+ test); haemolysis of red blood cells (the Lh test); and production of turbidity in egg-yolk solution (the lecithinase or Lv test).Taking the mean of all tests, it was found that the International Reference Preparation of Cl. welchii Type B Antitoxin contained 282 units of alpha antitoxin per ml, while the International Reference Preparation of Cl. welchii Type D Antitoxin contained 93 units of alpha antitoxin per ml.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
SKULBERG A,VAN HEYNINGEN WEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1956-01-01 00:00:00pages
557-66issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:More than 1300 compounds have so far been included in the WHO Programme for Evaluating and Testing New Insecticides, which is designed to disclose compounds that may satisfactorily replace those to which insect vectors of disease have become resistant. The authors describe the successful passage of o-isopropoxyphenyl ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the essential components of oral health information systems for the analysis of trends in oral disease and the evaluation of oral health programmes at the country, regional and global levels. Standard methodology for the collection of epidemiological data on oral health has been designed by WHO ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862005000900014
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases, access to quality decentralized noncommunicable disease services remain limited in many low- and middle-income countries. Here we describe the strategies we employed to drive the process from adaptation to national endorsement and implementation of the 2016 Botswa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.221424
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In May 1963 a live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent Shigella flexneri 2a was administered to 355 soldiers stationed in an area of Yugoslavia in which bacillary dysentery was hyperendemic. Five oral doses were given every third day. 382 unvaccinated soldiers from the same unit served as controls. Both group...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simple microplate assay methods for determining the frequency of insecticide resistance in single mosquitos were used to study the distribution and localization of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in field populations of Anopheles albimanus Weidemann in Guatemala, where such resistance, caused by heavy use of ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two, 30-cluster, retrospective surveys of deaths from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia were conducted during 1982. The first survey, in the city of Jakarta, identified 16 deaths from neonatal tetanus among 2310 live births, giving a mortality rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The second survey covered 19 of Indonesia's 2...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few widespread diseases show such marked local differences in community patterns as does trachoma; these differences occur not only in over-all prevalence but also in the mean age at onset, the age distribution of the evolutive stages and the role of associated infections. These are among the factors which determine t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study spanning 10 years indicates that the erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites can be stored indefinitely in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen without significant loss of infectivity. The results also suggest that loss due to the recovery procedures exceeds any loss that may have occurred during freezing and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been shown by numerous workers to be antigenically heterogeneous, a series of experiments has been started to identify some of the different antigens likely to be useful in laboratory tests for measuring the antibodies in human blood. The work involves the fracti...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of several DDT-resistant strains of Anopheles atroparvus is described. They were selected by larval treatment only (RL), selection of larval and adult females (RLAF), and selection of adult females and males (RAFM). Their rate of DDT-resistance was measured in the larval and adult states (mainly in the...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catalina Devandas Aguilar talks to Stephanie Cheng about the impact of the 2008 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the importance of listening to people living with disabilities and what United Nations agencies can do to support their further empowerment. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 面试,新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.030119
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the value of self-rated health assessments by examining the association between education and self-rated poor health. METHODS:We used the globally representative population-based sample from the 2002 World Health Survey, composed of 219,713 men and women aged 25 and over in 69 countries, to examine...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.067058
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of organisms such as viruses, protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria, especially mycobacteria, need cell-mediated immunological processes for their elimination. As well as being involved in protection, cell-mediated immunological processes are also involved in a number of allergic reactions to products...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5935/0305-7518.19700030
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Haemosporidia, which comprise the malaria parasites, have probably evolved from Coccidia of the intestinal epithelium of the vertebrate host by adaptation first to some tissues of the internal organs and then to life in the circulating cells of the blood.The present opinion is that, among the malaria parasites of ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Literature on human resources for health in Africa has focused on personal health services. Little is known about graduate public health education. This paper maps "advanced" public health education in Africa. Public health includes all professionals needed to manage and optimize health systems and the public...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.07.045526
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis were studied in two groups, the "high atherosclerosis group" and the "low atherosclerosis group". The latter may be considered as showing basic levels of atherosclerosis in the different communities. The development of lesions in the two groups occurred in parallel, but earlier in t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An extensive outbreak of Hong Kong influenza occurred in the USA during the autumn and early winter of 1968-69. Introduction and seeding of the virus occurred in September and early October as individuals returned from the Far East. Civilian outbreaks did not develop until late October and November. By 28 December, al...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has been spreading rapidly after its emergence in 1988 in Yekepa. The in vivo and in vitro susceptibilities to quinine and quinidine, compared to chloroquine, were studied by investigating the number of treatment days required for radical cure and estimating the quinine conc...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 100 male Zambian patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria were treated with either two tablets of mefloquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansimef) or three tablets of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) as a single dose. The patients were kept under observation from day 0 (day of treatment) to day ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PROBLEM:Streptococcus suis is a common cause of adult bacterial meningitis in Viet Nam, and possibly other parts of Asia, yet this disabling infection has been largely neglected. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment are relatively straightforward and affordable but, in early 2007, no national diagnostic, case management...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.067959
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations of experimental schistosomiasis haematobia have suffered for want of satisfactory mammals in which schistosome infections would establish host-parasite situations more or less comparable with those seen in man. As a consequence, mammals representing different major groups have been exposed to infection ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides a framework for the design of future eradication programmes so that the greatest benefit accrues to health systems development from the implementation of such programmes. The framework focuses on weak and fragile health systems and assumes that eradication leads to the cessation of the interventi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.04.019307
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of the tuberculosis (TB) programme run by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), which uses community health workers (CHWs), with that of the government TB programme which does not use CHWs. METHODS:TB control statistics and cost data for July 1996 - June 1997 we...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A radiometric method has been developed which provides for the simple and rapid measurement of human blood cholinesterase under field conditions. The method involves minimal dilution of samples and the use of very low substrate concentrations, and is therefore more sensitive to cholinesterase inhibition by reversible ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This Memorandum summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology of cholera and diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and outlines the results of recent research to develop an effective oral vaccine against cholera. The meeting reviewed current research on the protective antigens of ETEC and made a ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The largest outbreak of poliomyelitis ever recorded in Africa (1093 cases) occurred from 1 March to 28 May 1999 in Luanda, Angola, and in surrounding areas. The outbreak was caused primarily by a type-3 wild poliovirus, although type-1 wild poliovirus was circulating in the outbreak area at the same time. Infected ind...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if educating caregivers in providing zinc supplements to infants < 6 months old with acute diarrhoea is effective in treating diarrhoea and preventing acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), and whether it leads to a decrease in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS). METHODS:In this retros...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2471/BLT.10.075986
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of disease outcome is central to the assessment of tuberculosis (TB) control programmes. In the study reported in this article we examined the factors influencing the measurement of outcome, survival rates during and after treatment, smear conversion rates, and relapse rates for patients diagnosed with TB i...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude of the malaria problem in tropical Africa has been a deterrent to a large-scale control effort as long as the aim was conceived to be only a reduction in transmission. The focus on local priorities brought about by the primary health care approach has resulted in the formulation of a strategy of malaria ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
