Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown considerable variation in body fatness among children and adolescents defined as obese by a percentile rank for skinfold thickness. METHODS:We examined the relationship between percent body fat and risk for elevated blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in a biracial sample of 3320 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Equations developed specifically for children using the sum of subscapular (S) and triceps (T) skinfolds were used to estimate percent fat. The S/T ratio provided an index of trunkal fat patterning. RESULTS:Significant overrepresentation (greater than 20%) of the uppermost quintile (UQ) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was evident at or above 25% fat in males (32.2% to 37.3% in UQ) and at or above 30% fat in females (26.6% to 45.4% in UQ), even after adjusting for age, race, fasting status, and trunkal fat patterning. CONCLUSIONS:These data support the concept of body fatness standards in White and Black children and adolescents as significant predictors of CVD risk factors. Potential applications of these obesity standards include epidemiologic surveys, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Williams DP,Going SB,Lohman TG,Harsha DW,Srinivasan SR,Webber LS,Berenson GSdoi
10.2105/ajph.82.3.358subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-03-01 00:00:00pages
358-63issue
3eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A sample of 745 gay men, ages 20 to 65, were interviewed in 1985 as part of an effort to determine the impact of the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic on the non-ill but at-risk community. Measured in terms of the number of different sexual partners, sexual activity was reported to have declined by 78...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.5.578
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 33 screening sessions in Denver gay steambaths, 48 of 419 (11.5 per cent) men were found to have asymptomatic gonorrhea and six (1.4 per cent) had early latent syphilis. Questionnaires were administered to 160 men who reported a mean of 7.9 different male sex contacts per month. Female sex contacts were also re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.8.740
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed background characteristics, health status, and prevalence rates of mental health disorders in 2 studies of homeless mothers conducted in Worcester, Mass, one in 1993 and the other in 2003. METHODS:We compared the women taking part in the 2 studies, which involved similar methodologies, on the ke...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.069310
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:An association of smoking with depression and anxiety has been documented in adult smokers. This study examines this association in a representative group of teenage smokers. METHODS:A two-stage cluster sample of secondary school students in Victoria, Australia, were surveyed by using a computerized questio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.2.225
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To evaluate the effect of the voluntary safety standard for liquid laundry packets on the rate of injury involving children younger than 5 years in the United States.Methods. Semiannual national estimates of child injuries involving liquid laundry packets treated in US hospital emergency departments were d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305650
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We systematically identified and evaluated the quality and comprehensiveness of online information related to weight loss that users were likely to access. METHODS:We evaluated the content quality, accessibility of the information, and author credentials for Web sites in 2012 that were identified from weigh...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302070
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Suffering from waning demand, poor quality, and reform efforts enabling veterans to "vote with their feet" and leave, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) health care system transformed itself through a series of substantive changes. We examined the evolution of primary care changes underlying VA's transf...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.115709
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cotinine was measured in the serum of nearly all 5,115 18-30 year old, Black and White, men and women participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study, 30 percent of whom reported current cigarette smoking. Ninety-five percent of the reported smokers had serum cotinine levels indicative of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.9.1053
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health risks from low-dose sparsely ionizing (low-LET) radiation have been the subject of continued debate. At present, quantitative estimates of risk are extremely uncertain due to the controversy surrounding both the dosimetry for A-bomb survivor data and the choice of mathematical models for extrapolating risk ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.6.585
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:After conducting a media campaign focusing on the importance of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examinations, we assessed mechanisms of behavior change among individuals receiving an OPC examination for the first time. METHODS:We used data from 2 waves of telephone surveys of individuals residing in 36 rur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to better understand the prevalence and consequences of food insecurity among American Indian families with young children. METHODS:Parents or caregivers of kindergarten-age children enrolled in the Bright Start study (dyad n=432) living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota completed a qu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300522
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We conducted case studies of 10 agencies that participated in early quality improvement efforts. METHODS:The agencies participated in a project conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (2007-2008). Case study participants included health directors and quality improvement tea...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301413
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the effects of a major federal immunization continuing education course, delivered in both traditional classroom and satellite broadcast versions, on public health professionals' knowledge, agreement, self-efficacy, and adherence in practice to recommendations. METHODS:The study used a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.8.1218
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our community health center attempted to meet public health goals for encouraging exercise in adult patients vulnerable to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases by partnering with a local YMCA. METHODS:During routine office visits, providers referred individual patients to the YMCA at ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300958
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking histories and beliefs about smoking were obtained on 120 ex- and current smokers. Ex-smokers view smoking as a serious health problem, did not report having a physician recommend they stop, and feel personally susceptible to its adverse effects. Moderate smokers (0-10/day) also view smoking as serious, but do ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.11.1253
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the cessation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among British women, by educational level, social class, and cardiovascular risk factors, at the time of publicity about 2 clinical trials of HRT that were halted after adverse findings. METHODS:A total of 1387 women aged 57 years reported their...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.071332
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A program was designed and evaluated to determine the feasibility of implementing an incentive campaign to promote safety restraint use, primarily among children up to age 13. During a five-month period, community residents were eligible to win monthly prizes and a grand prize by buckling up all automobile occupants w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.3.304
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. METHODS:We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We developed a process through which community outreach workers, whose role is not typically that of a trained researcher, could actively participate in collection of qualitative evaluation data. METHODS:Outreach workers for a community-based intervention project received training in qualitative research me...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300263
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The relationships between television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions were investigated in a survey of schoolchildren. The research was guided by a theoretical model specifying that awareness of advertising, and not mere exposure, is necessary for it to have an effect on belie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.2.254
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the associations between prepregnancy weight and the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes among nulliparous women. METHODS:We conducted a population-based cohort study with 96,801 Washington State birth certificates from 1992 to 1996. Women were categorized by body mass i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.3.436
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether geographic information available at the time of asthma admission predicts time to reutilization (readmission or emergency department revisit). METHODS:For a prospective cohort of children hospitalized with asthma in 2008 and 2009 in Cincinnati, Ohio, we constructed a geographic social ri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300806
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2001, Maryland's court of appeals was asked to decide whether researchers at Johns Hopkins University had engaged in unethical research on children. During the 1990s, Johns Hopkins's Kennedy Krieger Institute had studied 108 African American children, aged 6 months to 6 years, to find an inexpensive and "practical"...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301004
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports register data concerning somatic and psychiatric hospital care on 117 battered women who were identified in a surgical emergency department and offered a treatment program. Data were collected during a period of 10 years before to 5 years after the battering in question. It was concluded that the ba...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.11.1486
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed attitudes and opinions of members of newborn blood screening (NBS) advisory committees regarding the storage and secondary research use of residual specimens from NBS. METHODS:We conducted focus groups in 2008 and 2009 with NBS advisory committees (4 focus groups; n = 39 participants) in the Mou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.200485
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between obstetrical intervention and preterm birth in the United States between 1991 and 2006. METHODS:We assessed changes in preterm birth, cesarean delivery, labor induction, and associated risks. Logistic regression modeled the odds of preterm obstetrical intervention after r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.180570
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the structure and functions of state health departments throughout the United States and compared our findings with those from a previous national assessment conducted in 1990. METHODS:In 2001, we sent a survey to the state health officers of all 50 states. The survey asked about the structure a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053439
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe changes in infant mortality rates, including birthweight-specific rates and rates by age at death and cause. METHODS:We analyzed US linked birth/infant-death data for 1989-1991 and 1998-2000 for American Indians/Alaska Native (AIAN) and White singleton infants at > or =20 weeks' gestation born t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053744
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed smoking survey data across communities in Chicago, Ill, to explore community-level variations in smoking behavior. METHODS:We conducted a health survey of 6 racially and ethnically diverse Chicago communities during 2002-2003. The survey included questions about current smoking, smoking history,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.051169
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its inception in rural, pre-apartheid South Africa, community-oriented primary care (COPC) has intrigued and informed public health and primary care leaders worldwide. COPC has influenced such programs as the US community health center movement, the general practice movement in the United Kingdom, and recent ref...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.11.1748
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00