Abstract:
:The health risks from low-dose sparsely ionizing (low-LET) radiation have been the subject of continued debate. At present, quantitative estimates of risk are extremely uncertain due to the controversy surrounding both the dosimetry for A-bomb survivor data and the choice of mathematical models for extrapolating risk from high to low doses. Nevertheless, much can be learned about the nature of the health risks by reviewing the epidemiologic literature. We present a summary of diseases which have been associated with low-LET radiation (less than 1000 rad) in at least two independent studies, according to the mean cumulative organ dose at which the disease was observed. At organ doses of less than or equal to 50 rad, the only diseases that have been reported consistently are thyroid cancer, salivary gland tumors, and leukemia. The first two diseases were observed in association with x-ray epilation of the scalp for tinea capitis, a therapy which is no longer employed. On the other hand, leukemia has been observed repeatedly to occur at cumulative doses of greater than or equal to 30 rad low-LET radiation.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Dreyer NA,Friedlander Edoi
10.2105/ajph.72.6.585subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-06-01 00:00:00pages
585-8issue
6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Use of the Freedom of Information Act can be potentially harmful to the security of research in progress. There is no protection from disclosure of information in grant applications; collected research data can be obtained and disclosed prematurely; and data supporting published research may be acquired and re-analyz...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.4.335
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We described 27-year secular trends in added-sugar intake and body mass index (BMI) among Americans aged 25 to 74 years. METHODS:The Minnesota Heart Survey (1980-1982 to 2007-2009) is a surveillance study of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of the Minneapolis-St Paul area. We used generalized lin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300562
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the impact of changes in dimensions of the psychosocial work environment on risk of depression in a longitudinal cohort of Canadian workers who were free of depression when work conditions were initially reported. METHODS:Using a sample (n = 3735) from the Canadian National Population Health Sur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300376
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in women with HIV or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS:Participants with HIV or at risk for HIV infection enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Childhood sexual abuse; all physical,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.560
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An interview study of persons diagnosed with multiple myeloma between 1977 and 1981 and suitable control subjects was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to hair dyes increases the risk of multiple myeloma. Among women, there was little evidence that prior regular use of hair dyes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0; 95...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.7.1142
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated how persons from key populations at higher risk of HIV exposure interpreted the process and outcomes of the Step Study HIV-1 vaccine trial, which was terminated early, and implications for willingness to participate in and community support for HIV vaccine research. METHODS:We used qualitati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300208
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine maternal folic acid supplementation and plasma folate concentrations in the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, minority population in Boston, Massachusetts. METHODS:This report includes 7612 mothers with singleton live births (3829 Black, 2023 Hispanic, 865 White, and 895 oth...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304355
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of RU 486 (mifepristone), a steroid analogue capable of inducing menses within 8 to 10 weeks of a missed menstrual period, has provoked a firestorm of concern and controversy. When used in conjunction with prostaglandin (RU 486/PG), it is at least 95% effective. Used in France principally to terminate confi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.10.1399
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random sample of employees was surveyed 20 months after a non-smoking policy was implemented at the New England Telephone Company in 1986. Overall, 21 percent of respondents who were smoking at the time they heard about the policy had quit smoking; 42 percent of quitters said they stopped smoking because of the poli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.2.202
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the association between reported use of vitamin supplements and risk of cataract and cataract extraction. METHODS:The study population consisted of 17,744 participants in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin therapy and beta-carot...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.788
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iodine-131 was found to dominate the gamma spectra of dried sludge and concentration liquid effluent samples from a sewage treatment plant serving the area containing the Texas Medical Center in 1975. The concentration of Iodine-131 varied considerably on a time scale of weeks but was fairly stable in the course of a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.1.47
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined differences in substance abuse treatment outcomes between American Indians and their non-American Indian counterparts in California, during 2000 to 2002. METHODS:A total of 368 American Indians and a matched sample of 368 non-American Indians from 39 substance abuse treatment programs in 13 Cali...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.055871
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to test the efficacy of an intervention that was designed to promote social inclusion and commitment to education, in reducing among students health risk behaviors and improving emotional well-being. METHODS:The design was a cluster-randomized trial in 25 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve the health of people during imprisonment or in the year after release. We searched 14 biomedical and social science databases in 2014, and identified 95 studies. Most studies involved only men or a majority of men (70/83 studies in whi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302498
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We quantified the relationship between gonorrheal infection rates in California and a measure of poverty status and investigated how this relationship and the spatial dispersion of cases varied among the 4 dominant racial/ethnic groups in the state. METHODS:We geocoded gonorrhea cases reported in California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.172965
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Automated analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data is a complementary tool for public health surveillance. Analyzing and presenting these data, however, demands new methods of data communication optimized to the detail, flexibility, and timeliness of EHR data.RiskScape is an open-source, interactive, Web-based,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305963
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As one element of Baltimore's effort to combat its high rate of teenage pregnancy, the Baltimore City Health Department added the implantable contraceptive Norplant to the array of services offered at one of its school-based health centers in early 1993. The initial findings with the adolescents who received this cont...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.3.309
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::I applied the capture-recapture method to estimate the World Trade Center tower population at the time of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Available lists helped identify 8965 survivors and 2152 confirmed casualties. The capture-recapture model suggested that an additional 4435 survivors were present, puttin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124768
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We studied state-adopted bicycle guidelines to determine whether cycle tracks (physically separated, bicycle-exclusive paths adjacent to sidewalks) were recommended, whether they were built, and their crash rate. METHODS:We analyzed and compared US bicycle facility guidelines published between 1972 and 1999...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301043
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of giardiasis occurred following a family party for 25 persons. Nine who had eaten fruit salad became ill, compared with one who had not eaten the salad (Relative Risk = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4, 169.3). The fruit salad preparer had a diapered child and a pet rabbit at home who were both positive for Giardia lamb...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.10.1259
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether characteristics of local health departments (LHD) and their geographic region were associated with using Facebook and Twitter. We also examined the number of tweets per month for Twitter accounts as an indicator of social media use by LHDs. METHODS:In 2012, we searched for Facebook and T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301166
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined racial and ethnic disparities in the total potential burden of asthma in low-income, racially/ethnically heterogeneous Chicago schools. METHODS:We used the Brief Pediatric Asthma Screen Plus (BPAS+) and the Spanish BPAS+, validated, caregiver-completed respiratory questionnaires, to identify ast...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.071514
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A representative sample of women living in metropolitan Los Angeles were asked what they heard and what they believed about mammography and whether they would obtain a mammogram if their doctor advised it. Forty percent of these women said they had not heard of mammography even after the procedure was described. Few o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.11.1172
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A six-year prospective study provides estimates of functional status (independent, dependent, nursing home resident, or deceased) according to age, gender, and previous functional status for Caucasian elders initially living in the community. Half the cohort had sustained independence for the six years; of those depen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.3.266
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine whether breast-feeding has a dose-related protective effect against illness and whether it confers special health benefits to poor infants. METHODS:The association between breast-feeding dose and illnesses in the first 6 months of life was analyzed with generalized...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.1.25
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of community-level HIV prevention programming for men who have sex with men. METHODS:We used multilevel methods to examine unprotected intercourse by bisexual men (n = 1016) with male and female partners in geographic regions with and without HIV prevention programming. RESULT...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.7.1181
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-nine per cent of 1,900 randomly selected adult Health Plan members received one or more tetanus injections during a 10-year period of continuous eligibility. Age-specific immunization rates decreased from 47 per cent for 20-39 year olds to 28 per cent for those over age 70. Nearly half of the elderly, age 60+, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.8.841
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined recent public-sector trends in childhood vaccine costs and estimated future costs. METHODS:We used public-sector price data to calculate vaccine purchase cost per child for children aged 0 to 6 years from 1975 to 2001. We fit a linear regression model to historical data and then used it to proje...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.12.1982
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to estimate the effects of recreational physical activity and back exercises on low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress among patients randomized to chiropractic or medical care in a managed care setting. METHODS:Low back pain patients (n=681) were randomized and followed for...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.052993
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutrient intakes were investigated for Blacks and Whites using data from the NHANES II survey (1976-80). Intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, P/S ratio, and per cent of calories derived from total and saturated fat are examined by sex and age, both in absolute terms and per unit of body wei...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1150
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00