Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Interventions are needed to assist drug abusers in reducing risky drug and sexual behavior. METHODS:A randomized controlled trial compared three small-group AIDS educational interventions among 567 clients of a 21-day inpatient drug detoxification program: a two-session informational intervention, given either during the first (early) or second (late) week of treatment; and a six-session enhanced intervention. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and psychomotor skills were assessed before and after each intervention, and behavioral outcomes were assessed at follow-up 10 to 18 weeks after admission. RESULTS:Immediately after the interventions, enhanced group members reported significantly greater self-efficacy to talk themselves out of AIDS-risky behavior; other knowledge and attitude scales did not differ by intervention. At follow-up, significant reductions in risky drug use were reported by all groups. Enhanced group members reported significantly greater reduction in injection frequency than did late informational subjects. CONCLUSIONS:No beneficial effect was detected of delaying AIDS education for clients entering detoxification. At this early stage of follow-up, there is only weak evidence that an enhanced intervention improved outcomes.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
McCusker J,Stoddard AM,Zapka JG,Morrison CS,Zorn M,Lewis BFdoi
10.2105/ajph.82.4.533subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-04-01 00:00:00pages
533-40issue
4eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
82pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Because of the importance of grassroots social movements, or "change from below," in the history of US reform, the relationship between social movements and demands for universal health care is a critical one. National health reform campaigns in the 20th century were initiated and run by elites more concerned with def...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.1.75
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared faculty promotion rates by race/ethnicity across US academic medical centers. METHODS:We used the Association of American Medical College's 1983 through 2000 faculty roster data to estimate median institution-specific promotion rates for assistant professor to associate professor and for associa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300552
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::State government, university, and local health department (LHD) partners collaborated to build the geographic information system (GIS) capacity of 5 LHDs in North Carolina. Project elements included procuring hardware and software, conducting individualized and group training, developing data layers, guiding the proje...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.048785
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cohort study was done to determine the direct impact of hip fracture on mortality in older people. Survival was compared between 211 hip fracture patients from a defined area and 201 non-hip fracture control subjects randomly selected from the same area. The mortality rate 1 year after hip fracture was 21.7%; 1-year...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.557
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An interview study of persons diagnosed with multiple myeloma between 1977 and 1981 and suitable control subjects was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to hair dyes increases the risk of multiple myeloma. Among women, there was little evidence that prior regular use of hair dyes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0; 95...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.7.1142
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined neighborhood-level foreclosure rates and their association with onset of depressive symptoms in older adults. METHODS:We linked data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005-2006 and 2010-2011 waves), a longitudinal, nationally representative survey, to data on zip code-lev...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301566
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The reported prevalence of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex is 8% to 17%, and that of latex-induced occupational asthma is 2.5% to 6%. Conversion of medical facilities to "latex-safe" can reduce employee sensitization, impairment, and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine the cos...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.7.1024
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the effectiveness of a 2-year multicomponent, school-based intervention designed to reduce tobacco use rates among adolescents in an urban area of India. METHODS:Students from 32 schools in Delhi and Chennai, India, were recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Baseli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.145433
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Within the most heavily affected cities, a few neighborhoods account for a large share of new HIV infections. Addressing racial and economic disparities in HIV infection requires an implementation program and research agenda that...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301864
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To describe partnerships between US local health departments (LHDs) and community organizations and assess the relationship between the types of activities performed in these partnerships and LHD engagement in population-based activities to prevent mental health conditions.Methods. Data were derived from 4...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305646
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the prevalence and determinants of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adolescents in 9 West African countries. METHODS:We conducted a pooled analysis with nationally representative 2006 to 2009 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. We used descriptive statistics to determine the preva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302661
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certificates of 1,454 deaths occurring over 11 months were retrieved from the Civil Register in Valencia, Spain. Relevant medical information was systematically gathered from hospital records, questionnaires, and Coroner reports. We compared the underlying cause of death (UCD) from the original death certificate, and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.10.1352
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We tested a structural model of relations among self-reported childhood maltreatment, alcohol and other drug abuse and dependence symptoms, and sexual risk behavior in a sample of adolescents receiving outpatient treatment of substance use problems. METHODS:Structured interviews were administered to an ethn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300628
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mission of public health--improving the health of populations--is difficult to advance in public discourse because a language to express the values animating that mission has not been adequately developed. Following on the work of Robert Bellah, Dan Beauchamp, and others, we argue that the first "language" of Amer...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.043844
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated attitudes toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in the suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe, where late presentation after mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) is a major cause of adolescent mortality. METHODS:Adolescents (10-18 years) attending 2 primary clinics were offered...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300250
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Between April and September of 2009 we evaluated the accuracy of the OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test and assessed its feasibility for use by community-based organizations (CBOs) serving populations at high risk for HCV in New York City. METHODS:We compared the results of screening by OraQuick (oral swab) a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300251
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained. METHODS:We analyzed self-reported planning to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A program was designed and evaluated to determine the feasibility of implementing an incentive campaign to promote safety restraint use, primarily among children up to age 13. During a five-month period, community residents were eligible to win monthly prizes and a grand prize by buckling up all automobile occupants w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.3.304
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear weapons pose a particularly destructive threat. Prevention of the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons is urgently important to public health. "Horizontal" proliferation refers to nation-states or nonstate entities that do not have, but are acquiring, nuclear weapons or developing the capability and materi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.100602
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:I examined genetic influences on smoking among adolescents and differences in the heritability of smoking across states in the United States. METHODS:With data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (participants aged 12-21 years), I used a multilevel twin- and sibling-pair (N = 2060 pair...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134932
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In suicidal behavior emergency room admissions of 13- to 17-year olds at the Brockton Hospital (Massachusetts), females predominated over males by almost two to one. For subclassification of life-threatening behaviors, frequency was about the same for males and females, but for suicide attempts and suicide gestures, f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.1.90
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied variation in the year of onset of ischemic heart disease mortality decline among regions (n = 39) in the Netherlands. Using loglinear regression methods, a quadratic regression model was fitted to the observed numbers of male deaths in each region in the period 1950-84, controlling for changes in age-struct...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.12.1621
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We examined circumstances surrounding swimming pool drownings among US residents aged 5 to 24 years to understand why Black males and other racial/ethnic groups have high drowning rates. METHODS:We obtained data about drowning deaths in the United States (1995-1998) from death certificates, medical examiner ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.057067
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We provide an updated meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Project D.A.R.E. in preventing alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among school-aged youths. METHODS:We used meta-analytic techniques to create an overall effect size for D.A.R.E. outcome evaluations reported in scientific journals. RESULTS:The...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.6.1027
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher prices reduce consumption and initiation of tobacco products. A minimum price law that establishes a high statutory minimum price and prohibits the industry's discounting tactics for tobacco products is a promising pricing strategy as an alternative to excise tax increases. Although some states have adopted min...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302069
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the effectiveness of a family planning intervention with and without husband's participation in reducing pregnancy and abortion rates in Shanghai, China. METHODS:In this 3-arm randomized trial among 1800 nonsterilized married women, educational interventions targeting both spouses and ta...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.4.646
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed evidence of the relationship between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 29 studies (1985-2012). We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis on 22 cross-sectional studies of a single exposure to job strain. We systematically reviewed 1 case-control study, 3 studies of cumulative exposure to job...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301153
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1984, we investigated the impact of a parental notification statue with judicial bypass procedures in Minnesota. Subjects were interviewed on the day of their abortion at four Minnesota and two Wisconsin clinics. Relatively few were aware of the statute in Minnesota. Parental notification rates were similar in Minn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.5.619
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The year 2017 marks both the 70th anniversary of the Nuremberg Code and the first major revisions of federal research regulations in almost 3 decades. I suggest that the informed consent provisions of the federal research regulations continue to follow the requirements of the Nuremberg Code. However, modifications are...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304103
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of feedback and financial incentives on physician compliance with cancer screening guidelines for women 50 years of age and older in a Medicaid health maintenance organization (HMO). METHODS:Half of 52 primary care sites received the intervention, which inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1699
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00