Abstract:
:Pax genes play key regulatory roles in embryonic and sensory organ development in metazoans but their evolution and ancestral functions remain widely unresolved. We have isolated a Pax gene from Placozoa, beside Porifera the only metazoan phylum that completely lacks nerve and sensory cells or organs. These simplest known metazoans also lack any kind of symmetry, organs, extracellular matrix, basal lamina, muscle cells, and main body axis. The isolated Pax gene from Trichoplax adhaerens harbors a paired domain, an octapeptide, and a full-length homeodomain. It displays structural features not only of PaxB and Pax2/5/8-like genes but also of PaxC and Pax6 genes. Conserved splice sites between Placozoa, Cnidaria, and triploblasts, mark the ancient origin of intron structures. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the Trichoplax PaxB gene, TriPaxB, is basal not only to all other known PaxB genes but also to PaxA and PaxC genes and their relatives in triploblasts (namely Pax2/5/8, Pax4/6, and Poxneuro). TriPaxB is expressed in distinct cell patches near the outer edge of the animal body, where undifferentiated and possibly multipotent cells are found. This expression pattern indicates a developmental role in cell-type specification and/or differentiation, probably in specifying-determining fiber cells, which are regarded as proto-neural/muscle cells in Trichoplax. While PaxB, Pax2/5/8, and Pax6 genes have been linked to nerve cell and sensory system/organ development in virtually all animals investigated so far, our study suggests that Pax genes predate the origin of nerve and sensory cells.
journal_name
Mol Biol Evoljournal_title
Molecular biology and evolutionauthors
Hadrys T,DeSalle R,Sagasser S,Fischer N,Schierwater Bdoi
10.1093/molbev/msi150subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-07-01 00:00:00pages
1569-78issue
7eissn
0737-4038issn
1537-1719pii
msi150journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Signatures of balancing selection can highlight polymorphisms and functions that are important to the long-term fitness of a species. We performed a first genome-wide scan for balancing selection in a bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, which is a common cause of serious antimicrobial-resistant infections of hum...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr286
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methods such as maximum parsimony (MP) are frequently criticized as being statistically unsound and not being based on any "model." On the other hand, advocates of MP claim that maximum likelihood (ML) has some fundamental problems. Here, we explore the connection between the different versions of MP and ML methods, p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026364
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much like other indigenous domesticated animals, Tibetan chickens living at high altitudes (2,200-4,100 m) show specific physiological adaptations to the extreme environmental conditions of the Tibetan Plateau, but the genetic bases of these adaptations are not well characterized. Here, we assembled a de novo genome o...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msv071
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A correspondence analysis of codon usage in Xenopus laevis revealed that the first axis is strongly correlated with the base composition at third codon positions. The second axis discriminates between putatively highly expressed genes and the other coding sequences, with expression levels being confirmed by the analys...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003958
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most fundamental questions for understanding the origin of species is why genes that function to cause fertility in a pure-species genetic background fail to produce fertility in a hybrid genetic background. A related question is why the sex that is most often sterile or inviable in hybrids is the heterogam...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msg119
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to unravel the biogeography of a model symbiont/host system by exploiting the prediction that a symbiont will leave a signature of infection on the host. Specifically, a global sample of 1,442 Drosophila simulans from 33 countries and 64 sampling localities was employed to infer the phylogeography of t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msh028
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of population structure provide insights into evolutionary processes and help identify groups of individuals for genotype-phenotype association studies. With increasing availability of polymorphic molecular markers across genomes, the examination of population structure using large numbers of unlinked loci ha...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp052
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective population size is fundamental in population genetics and characterizes genetic diversity. To infer past population dynamics from molecular sequence data, coalescent-based models have been developed for Bayesian nonparametric estimation of effective population size over time. Among the most successful is a G...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss265
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary parsimony is an easy-to-use method of phylogenetic inference that is based on nucleic acid sequences and that does not require the assumption that evolutionary processes in the various sites on the molecule are identical. It does, however, require a parameter constraint, known as the "balanced transversio...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040784
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the distribution of hobo-hybridizing sequences in the genus Drosophila. Southern blot analysis of 134 species revealed that hobo sequences are limited to the melanogaster and montium subgroups of the melanogaster-species group. Of the hobo-bearing species, only D. melanogaster and two of its sibli...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040625
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that dosage compensation is not a ubiquitous feature following sex chromosome evolution, especially not in organisms where females are the heterogametic sex, like in birds. Even when it occurs, compensation can be incomplete and limited to dosage-sensitive genes. However, previous work has...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msv147
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) revealed a large number of mitotypes that form two distinct clusters (phylads). Phylad A consists of one common mitotype and many rare secondary mitotypes that are one mutational step removed from the ma...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025554
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution at silent sites is often used to estimate the pace of selectively neutral processes or to infer differences in divergence times of genes. However, silent sites are subject to selection in favor of preferred codons, and the strength of such selection varies dramatically across genes. Here, we use the relation...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msh265
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple haplotypes from each of three nuclear loci were isolated and sequenced from geographic populations of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. In tests of alternative phylogeographic hypotheses for this species, nuclear gene genealogies constructed for these haplotypes were compared to one another, to a mi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025908
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) mediates cell-cell adhesion in bilaterian animals by linking extracellular cadherin-based adhesions to the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unknown whether the basic organization of the complex is conserved across all metazoans. We tested whether protein interactions and actin-bind...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msw084
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human DNA variation is currently a subject of intense research because of its importance for studying human origins, evolution, and demographic history and for association studies of complex diseases. A approximately 10-kb region on chromosome 1, which contains only four small exons (each <155 bp), was sequenced for 6...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003795
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine rate heterogeneity among evolutionary lineages of the grass family at two plasmid loci, ndhF and rbcL, and we introduce a method to determine whether patterns of rate heterogeneity are correlated between loci. We show both that rates of synonymous evolution are heterogeneous among grass lineages and that ar...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025817
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 20 protein-coding amino acids are found in proteomes with different relative abundances. The most abundant amino acid, leucine, is nearly an order of magnitude more prevalent than the least abundant amino acid, cysteine. Amino acid metabolic costs differ similarly, constraining their incorporation into proteins. O...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu228
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster is widely used as a model in DNA variation studies. Patterns of polymorphism have, however, been affected by the history of this species, which is thought to have recently spread out of Africa to the rest of the world. We analyzed DNA sequence variation in 11 populations, including four contine...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msh089
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridization in plants may result in hybrid speciation or introgression and, thus, is now widely understood to be an important mechanism of species diversity on an evolutionary timescale. Hybridization is particularly common in ferns, as is polyploidy, which often results from hybrid crosses. Nevertheless, hybrid spe...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa097
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, a model allowing covarion-like evolution of DNA sequences is introduced. In contrast to standard representation of the distribution of evolutionary rates, this model allows the site-specific rate to vary between lineages. This is achieved by adding as few as two parameters to the widely used among-site rate vari...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003868
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silks are strong protein fibers produced by a broad array of spiders and insects. The vast majority of known silks are large, repetitive proteins assembled into extended beta-sheet structures. Honeybees, however, have found a radically different evolutionary solution to the need for a building material. The 4 fibrous ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msm171
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the genomic organization and deduced protein sequence of a cephalochordate member of the Otx homeobox gene family (AmphiOtx) and show its probable single-copy state in the genome. We also present molecular phylogenetic analysis indicating that there was single ancestral Otx gene in the first chordates which ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025961
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The functionality of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is disputed. In general, lncRNAs are under weak selective pressures, suggesting that the majority of lncRNAs may be nonfunctional. However, although some surveys showed negligible phenotypic effects upon lncRNA perturbation, key biological roles were demonstrated for ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msz212
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dogs exhibit more phenotypic variation than any other mammal and are affected by a wide variety of genetic diseases. However, the origin and genetic basis of this variation is still poorly understood. We examined the effect of domestication on the dog genome by comparison with its wild ancestor, the gray wolf. We comp...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn177
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI and splice variant SR-BII) plays a central role in HDL cholesterol metabolism and represents a candidate gene for a number of related diseases. We examined the genetic diversity of its coding and flanking regions in a sample of 178 chromosomes from individuals of Euro...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msh074
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B(12) (cobalamin) is a dietary requirement for humans because it is an essential cofactor for two enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase (METH). Land plants and fungi neither synthesize or require cobalamin because they do not contain methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and have an alternative B(12)-i...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr124
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the relic of the ancient Champa Kingdom, the Cham people represent the major Austronesian speakers in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and their origin is evidently associated with the Austronesian diffusion in MSEA. Hitherto, hypotheses stemming mainly from linguistic and cultural viewpoints on the origin of the Cha...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msq131
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS, often originate from recombination events. The mechanism of recombination in RNA viruses is template switching. Coronavirus transcription also involves template switching at specific regions, called transcriptional regulatory sequences (TRS). It is hypothesize...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa281
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the general assumption that site-specific mutation rates are independent of the local sequence context, a growing body of evidence suggests otherwise. To further examine context-dependent patterns of mutation, we amassed 5,645 spontaneous mutations in wild- type (WT) and mismatch-repair deficient (MMR(-)) muta...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msv055
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00