Abstract:
:The pharmacokinetics of cefprozil were determined with 12 volunteers (8 received cefprozil and 4 received a placebo) after oral administration of 500 mg every 12 h over an 8-day period in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Concentrations in serum and urine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioassay. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated on the basis of an open one-compartment model. The mean maximum concentration in serum on day 1 was 11.5 +/- 2.6 mg/liter, and the time to reach maximum concentration was 122.3 +/- 30 min after administration. Bioavailability parameters (area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity, maximum concentration of the drug in serum, and urinary recovery) indicated an excellent absorption. No accumulation over the 8-day period was registered. Cefprozil had a short biological elimination half-life of 58 +/- 10 min and a renal clearance of 210 +/- 51 ml/min, indicating high rates of renal excretion and tubular secretion. Analysis of the fecal flora showed an ecological impact of cefprozil on the intestinal microflora, such as a moderate decrease in enterobacteria and a slight increase in enterococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides during the study. The number of all bacterial species was already normalized 4 days after the administration period. The tolerance of cefprozil proved to be excellent; only a slight and reversible increase of liver enzymes (in two volunteers), mild cephalalgia, tiredness, and soft stool were registered during the 8-day period. Cefprozil had excellent absorption, no accumulation over an 8-day period, and only a limited impact on the intestinal microflora.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Lode H,Müller C,Borner K,Nord CE,Koeppe Pdoi
10.1128/aac.36.1.144subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
144-9issue
1eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
36pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Osteoarticular mucormycosis cases are quite rare and challenging infections that are mostly due to direct inoculation during traumatic injury among immunocompetent patients. Classic management includes a combination of aggressive surgical debridement, which may lead to amputation, and long-term systemic liposomal amph...
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abstract::The bla(OXA-51)-like gene with an upstream ISAba1 (ISAba1-bla(OXA-51)-like gene) was originally found on the chromosomes of carbapenem-resistant or -susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. However, a plasmid-borne ISAba1-bla(OXA-51)-like gene has recently been identified in Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU and...
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abstract::We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to validate time-kill and postantifungal-effect (PAFE) experiments for voriconazole against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis isolates. Voriconazole exerted prolonged fungistatic activity but no PAFE at concentrations achieva...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Bacterial resistance studies using in vitro dynamic models are highly dependent on the starting inoculum that might or might not contain spontaneously resistant mutants (RMs). To delineate concentration-resistance relationships with linezolid-exposed Staphylococcus aureus, a mixed inoculum containing both susceptible ...
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abstract::The biliary excretion of moxalactam was studied in 11 postsurgery patients who had indwelling T-tubes inserted in their common bile ducts. Peak levels of moxalactam in the bile reached mean levels of 33.7 +/- 11.1 and 173.7 +/- 67.0 micrograms/ml 2 h after intravenous administration of a single 500- or 2,000-mg dose, ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::The current treatment of chronic hepatitis C is based on pegylated alpha interferon (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin. The aim of this study was to identify biological and clinical variables related to IFN therapy that could predict patient outcome. The study enrolled 47 patients treated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin combined th...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::In most experiments when aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) tissue levels are measured, the AG is extracted into buffered media. The data from this study reveal that buffer extraction results in only partial recovery of AG from tissues and that total recovery can be obtained after NaOH or trichloroacetic acid treatment. T...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Alalevonadifloxacin (WCK 2349) is a novel l-alanine ester prodrug of levonadifloxacin that is being developed as an oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The primary objective of this study was to determine and compare plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations of levonadifloxacin fo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Three percent 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) in an aqueous cream base was compared with 5% acyclovir (ACV) in polyethylene glycol ointment and 3% EdU in 95% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for efficacy in the topical treatment of an experimental dorsal cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in guinea pigs. Topical A...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::T-20EK is a novel fusion inhibitor designed to have enhanced α-helicity over T-20 (enfuvirtide) through engineered electrostatic interactions between glutamic acid (E) and lysine (K) substitutions. T-20EK efficiently suppresses wild-type and T-20-resistant variants. Here, we selected T-20EK-resistant variants. A combi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00237-13
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::The promotion of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is one potential side effect during treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), resulting from disturbances in gut microbiota. Cadazolid (CDZ) is an investigational antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against C. difficile...
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Gentamicin was successfully incorporated into neutral, anionic, and cationic liposomes, and the percentage of gentamicin incorporated was found to be a function of lipid concentration. Gentamicin did not leak out of the liposomes over a 3-week period at 4 degrees C. When liposome-associated gentamicin was administered...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::The new oral 200-mg rifamycin SV MMX modified-release tablets, designed to deliver rifamycin SV directly into the colonic lumen, offer considerable advantages over the existing immediate-release antidiarrheic formulations. In two pharmacokinetics studies of healthy volunteers, the absorption, urinary excretion, and fe...
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abstract::The in vitro interaction between triclosan and fluconazole against 24 azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard technique. The synergisms were verified by time-killing curves and agar diffusion tests in selected strains. Antagonistic activity was not detected...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::In addition to cholesterol-lowering capabilities, statins possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We sought to quantify the real-world impact of different statin exposure patterns on clinical outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized pati...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Placental drug transfer is important for achieving better pharmacotherapy in pregnant women and in fetuses. In the present study, we examined the effects of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and anti-HIV drugs on organic anion transport in human placental BeWo cells. The cellular uptake of two fluorescence organic anions, ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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doi:10.1128/AAC.01634-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A basic, random copolymer of l-ornithine and l-leucine (OL; molar ratios 1:1) was bactericidal to a sensitive (S) strain of Staphylococcus aureus at low concentration. Resistant cells (R) were selected from the culture medium and, after serial transfers to solutions containing increasing amounts of the polymer, grew w...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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doi:10.1128/aac.5.2.179
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topical foscarnet (PFA) and acyclovir (ACV) were compared in the dorsal cutaneous guinea pig model of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. The relative order of efficacy was PFA cream greater than ACV cream greater than ACV ointment. In vitro studies demonstrated that PFA and ACV formulated in cream vehicles penetra...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 112 clinical isolates, 28 type strains, and 9 reference strains of Nocardia were determined using the Sensititre Rapmyco microdilution panel (Thermo Fisher, Inc.). Isolates were identified by highly discriminatory multilocus sequence analysis and were chosen to represent the di...
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