Abstract：
:Magnetic resonance imaging has become a powerful tool for diagnosing many orthopaedic disorders. To use the technology appropriately and understand the nature of the images, it is important that the referring orthopaedic surgeon be familiar with the underlying principles of image formation. In this article, the author discusses the underlying physical phenomena, the instrumentation used for magnetic resonance imaging, and the principal determinants of the appearance of the image, in particular, the different pulse sequences. Paramagnetic contrast agents also are discussed briefly, and a few considerations regarding patient safety are addressed.
journal_name
Clin Orthop Relat Resjournal_title
Clinical orthopaedics and related researchauthors
Kneeland JBsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
274-9issue
321eissn
0009-921Xissn
1528-1132pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems for the design and manufacture of limb prostheses have recently become commercially available. However, rigorous evaluations of these systems have not been performed to determine whether they produce sockets that fit as well as or better than soc...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Patient demand and surgeon interest in hip resurfacing has recently increased, but surgeons in the United States are relatively inexperienced with this procedure. We determined the learning curve associated with hip resurfacing and compared the rate of early complications of the first 650 hip resurfacings be...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-009-1106-1
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in multiple degenerative changes that may in part be related to physical inactivity. There are indications that some of these changes may be reversed by exercise and fitness training. Computerized functional electrical stimulation (FES) allows active exercise of limbs paralyzed by uppe...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Rotational deformities in varus osteoarthritis of the knee were evaluated with computed tomography. Preoperative computed tomography scans of 150 knees (114 patients) having total knee arthroplasty and 31 control knees (20 patients) were included. The femorotibial rotation was quantified using the clinical e...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000150465.29883.83
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of posttraumatic arthritis is poorly understood. One possible mechanism involves a mechanical insult to the cartilage matrix that affects chondrocyte function. To better understand the etiology of posttraumatic arthritis, pathomechanic changes in articular contact mechanics resulting from injury during ph...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000143817.74887.55
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model was developed to identify and compare the local wound factors that induce acute osteomyelitis in a prospective, controlled investigation. When compared with wounds containing either virulent bacteria or dead bone, statistical analysis disclosed a significant increase in the incidence of osteomyelitis when viru...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To update the status of chymopapain in the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs, a review of the current literature and data from an unpublished Texas study are presented. Studies in animals and humans have consistently demonstrated that chymopapain can dissolve the nucleus pulposus. Twenty-eight uncontrolled a...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although hemiarthroplasties are an important treatment for femoral neck fractures, the literature does not provide a clear approach for selecting the implant fixation method. Therefore, we performed a systematic search of the medical literature and identified 11 prospective and retrospective studies that compared resu...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s11999-008-0368-3
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nutrient diffusion across the vertebral endplate can occur by convection (bulk flow) or diffusion. Previous studies, using animal models, suggested diffusion as the primary mechanism of small-solute transport but did not adequately determine the contribution of bulk flow to total nutrient transport. This study was des...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A heterogeneous group of 17 patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head had treatment of 23 hips by bone grafting. Phemister-type tibial grafts were used in 20 and iliac grafts in 3. All hips were evaluated before and after grafting according to roentgenographic stage of disease and the Hospital for Special Sur...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Open reduction and stabilization of dorsal pelvic ring injuries is accompanied by a high rate of soft tissue complications. Minimally invasive techniques have the potential to decrease soft tissue trauma, but the risk of iatrogenic nerve and vessel damage through the reduced surgical exposure should be consi...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-011-1922-y
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although many techniques have been devised for the roentgenographic measurement for angular motion in the lumbar spine, all present technical and visual problems. No previously described method has been subjected to a test of accuracy or reliability. A transparent plastic sheet technique provides a reproducible and ac...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarticular defects present a reparative challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Osteoarticular allografts provided a promising solution. Unfortunately, many of these allografts failed secondary to articular cartilage degeneration. To determine the role of the extracellular matrix in graft failure, the authors have char...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-200101000-00004
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary management of Grade IIIB open tibial fractures has evolved to include intravenous antibiotics, thorough interval surgical debridement, rigid skeletal fixation, early local or free tissue myoplasty, and liberal use of autogenous bone graft beneath a clean, stable wound. External fixation has been the skele...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1097/00003086-199611000-00003
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ninety-two patients (103 hips) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) were assessed before and after operation to determine nutritional status and any correlation with delayed wound healing. Parameters indicative of nutritional status (serum albumin and serum transferrin) were assessed, along with immunologic and a...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven cases of fractures of the humerus from arm wrestling included 2 types of fractures. Two were spiral fractures of the humeral shaft with large butterfly fragments at the junction of the middle and distal one third caused by a violent uncoordinated muscular action. Five were fractures of the medial epicondyle of t...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined sequential arthroscopic sectioning of volar, interosseous, and dorsal ligaments about the scapholunate complex in cadaver wrists. We attempted to clarify the contributions of the dorsal ligamentous complex to scapholunate instability and carpal collapse. We found that after sequential sectioning of...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000136836.78049.45
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medial collateral ligament is one of the most frequently injured ligaments in the knee. Although the medial collateral ligament is known to provide a primary restraint to valgus and external rotations, details regarding its precise mechanical function are unknown. In this study, strain in the medial collateral lig...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-200110000-00031
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International Classification of Diseases coding of patient charts is used by hospitals to allow for billing of patients. Coding information also is used for assessing physician effectiveness. The purpose of the current study was to examine hospital coding for patients having total hip arthroplasty. One hundred consecu...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-200209000-00014
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique of partial resection of the distal ulna ("wafer" procedure) for the treatment of patients with symptomatic tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex or mild ulnar impaction syndrome or both is described. The distal 2-4 mm of the distal ulna is resected while preserving the distal radioulnar joint and ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common extrinsic cause of elbow stiffness after trauma. However, factors associated with the development of HO are incompletely understood. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:We retrospectively identified (1) patient-related demographic factors, (2) injury-related factors, and (3) treatme...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-013-3304-0
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wear of high molecular weight polyethylene sockets was measured on radiographs, over a period of 9 to 10 years, in a group of patients whose ages averaged 73.3 years at the end of the period. The average rate of wear was 0.15 mm/year and 68 per cent of patients followed this pattern. Wear more than 2.5 mm in 10 ye...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient-specific cutting blocks have been touted as a more efficient and reliable means of achieving neutral mechanical alignment during TKA with the proposed downstream effect of improved clinical outcomes. However, it is not clear to what degree published studies support these assumptions. QUESTIONS/PURPO...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11999-014-3804-6
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty two patients (24 shoulders) who had undergone hemodialysis for a mean of 13.4 years, and who had reported chronic shoulder pain for > 6 months, were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including T1 and T2 echo gradient images in the frontal plane and T1 images after gadolinium. An increase in thicknes...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although gunshot injuries are relatively common, there is little consensus about whether retained bullets or bullet fragments should be removed routinely or only in selected circumstances. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:We performed a systematic review of the literature to answer the following questions: (1) Is bullet ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11999-013-3260-8
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate if an intensive rehabilitation program has a positive influence on the late course of an old, isolated anterior cruciate ligament rupture, patients were evaluated at an average of 8 years after injury. Seventy-five percent had acquired the injury during sporting activities. After diagnostic arthroscopy,...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-199607000-00025
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical spine injuries can be disastrous. The treatment begins at the accident scene by obtaining an appropriate history, physical examination, and evaluation of the mechanics of the accident. Emergency medical stabilization takes precedence, but the cervical spine should be stabilized until an injury in this area is...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature documents progression of spondylolisthesis, most commonly during the adolescent growth spurt. Twenty-eight patients with Grades I and II spondylolisthesis were treated with antilordotic braces. Presenting signs and symptoms included back pain (61%), tight hamstrings (53%), increased lordosis (25%), and ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Femoroacetabular impingement has been proposed as a cause of early osteoarthritis, but it is not known how this develops over time or whether the shape of the proximal femur influences this risk. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:(1) Which areas of the acetabulum are worn more frequently by individuals with a cam deformit...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-012-2720-x
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shoulder arthrodesis, while providing a useful and predictable solution to many problems associated with glenohumeral degeneration, has been less than desirable for many patients due to the frequent need for postoperative spica cast or airplane splint immobilization. A new technique of external fixation of shoulder fu...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
