The effects of methotrexate and melphalan in sheep.

abstract：:1 The effect of methylene, thio, and imido substituted analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on surfactant phospholipid secretion and calcium mobilization in rat isolated alveolar Type II cells was studied. 2 ATP was the most potent secretagogue of adenine nucleotides studied. The rank order of agonist potency ...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Rice WR,Singleton FM

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. During the past few years it has been shown that the sympatholytic effect resulting from localized microinjection of clonidine and other imidazolines into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) results from activation of 'imidazoline' receptors (I1 receptors) rather than from an alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated effec...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Hieble JP,Kolpak DC

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photorelaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is caused by the release of nitric oxide (NO) from a finite molecular store that can be depleted by irradiating pre-contracted arteries with visible light. The ability of an 'exhausted' vessel to respond to a further period of illumination is lost temporarily but then re...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Megson IL,Holmes SA,Magid KS,Pritchard RJ,Flitney FW

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Lithocholic acid (LCA), the most toxic bile acid, induces cholestatic liver injury in rodents. We previously showed that LCA activates the oxidative stress-responsive nuclear factor (erythroid-2 like), factor 2 (Nrf2) in cultured liver cells, triggering adaptive responses that reduce cell injury....

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Tan KP,Wood GA,Yang M,Ito S

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Tetracyclines were recently found to induce tumour cell death, but the early processes involved in this cytotoxic effect remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Viability of human and mouse melanoma cells was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Kinase/protein/caspase activation was measure...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Shieh JM,Huang TF,Hung CF,Chou KH,Tsai YJ,Wu WB

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The potassium current in embryo spinal neurones of Xenopus consists of at least two kinetically distinct components with overlapping voltage-dependencies of activation. We investigated whether capsaicin might specifically block these components in acutely dissociated neurones from stage 37/38 embryos by use of stan...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Kuenzi FM,Dale N

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) has been shown to provide a pathway for bioactivation of organic nitrates and to be prone to desensitization in response to highly potent, but not to less potent, nitrates. We therefore sought to support the hypothesis that bioactivation by ALDH-2 cri...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Wenzel P,Hink U,Oelze M,Seeling A,Isse T,Bruns K,Steinhoff L,Brandt M,Kleschyov AL,Schulz E,Lange K,Weiner H,Lehmann J,Lackner KJ,Kawamoto T,Münzel T,Daiber A

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1 The effect of clonidine on the 3H-purine release evoked by KCl or (-)-adrenaline was assessed in the superfused helical strip of the rabbit pulmonary artery pretreated with [3H]-adenosine. 2 Clonidine (3 x 10(-5) M to 10(-4) M) significantly enhanced the 3H-purine efflux evoked by 50 mM KCl but not by 3 x 10(-6) M) ...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Katsuragi T,Su C

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Avoiding danger and finding food are closely related behaviours that are essential for surviving in a natural environment. Growing evidence supports an important role of gut-brain peptides in modulating energy homeostasis and emotional-affective behaviour. For instance, postprandial release of pa...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Verma D,Hörmer B,Bellmann-Sickert K,Thieme V,Beck-Sickinger AG,Herzog H,Sperk G,Tasan RO

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Our study was aimed at investigating the duration of the bronchodilator action of the antimuscarinc drug glycopyrrolate compared to tiotropium and ipratropium. In the guinea-pig isolated trachea, the time (t1/2) necessary for a contractile response to carbachol (0.3 microM) to return to 50% recovery after washout o...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Villetti G,Bergamaschi M,Bassani F,Bolzoni PT,Harrison S,Gigli PM,Janni A,Geppetti P,Civelli M,Patacchini R

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An approximate eight fold desensitization of the circular coat of the distal rabbit colon to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine could be achieved by repeatedly exposing the organ to relatively low concentrations (10-100 microM) of these compounds. The desensitization was specific and reversible after prolon...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Crema A,D'Angelo L,Frigo GM,Lecchini S,Onori L,Tonini M

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. We investigated the effect of KB-R7943, a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor, on the aggregation response induced by adrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), alone or in combination in human and rabbit platelets in the presence or absence of ouabain. 2. KB-R7943 inhibited aggregation induced by the combination of ad...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Takano S,Kimura J,Ono T

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1 Picrotoxin selectively and reversibly suppressed the inhibitory action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but not that of glycine, taurine or beta-alanine, on the frequency of spontaneous spike discharges in guinea-pig cerebellar slices. Strychnine reversibly suppressed the inhibitory action of glycine, taurine or b...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Okamoto K,Quastel JH

更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints, which are complex organs where cartilage, bone and synovium cooperate to allow a range of movements. During progression of the disease, the function of all three main components is jeopardized. Nevertheless, the involvement of each tissue in OA development is s...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Malek N,Starowicz K

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1 Tissue was taken from guinea-pigs that had been injected with guanethidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h before they were killed, and from paired control animals.2 Pretreatment with guanethidine caused a significant, substantial, and sometimes complete reduction of the nerve-mediated contractions of the vas deferens. There...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Furness JB

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine via activation of CGRP receptors in the trigeminovascular system. The CGRP receptor antagonist, BIBN4096BS, has proven efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine attacks and represents a new therapeutic principle...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Petersen KA,Birk S,Doods H,Edvinsson L,Olesen J

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide hormone produced within the myocardium which may modulate myocardial contractility in a paracrine-autocrine fashion. In the majority of species, ET-1 has a direct positive inotropic effect on the myocardium that involves both increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and increased Ca(2+...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： James AF

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse spiders represent a potential cause of serious envenomation in humans. This study examined the activity of Missulena bradleyi venom in several in vitro preparations. Whilst female M. bradleyi venom at doses up to 0.05 microl ml(-1) failed to alter twitch or resting tension in all preparations used, male venom (0...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Rash LD,Birinyi-Strachan LC,Nicholson GM,Hodgson WC

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Histamine modulates several behaviours and physiological functions, and its deficiency is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Gestational intake of valproic acid (VPA) is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by impaired sociability and stereotypies. VPA effects on the n...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Baronio D,Puttonen HAJ,Sundvik M,Semenova S,Lehtonen E,Panula P

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:β-Adrenoceptor stimulation induces glucose uptake in several insulin-sensitive tissues by poorly understood mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:We used a model system in CHO-K1 cells expressing the human β(2)-adrenoceptor and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to investigate the signalling mechanisms i...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Dehvari N,Hutchinson DS,Nevzorova J,Dallner OS,Sato M,Kocan M,Merlin J,Evans BA,Summers RJ,Bengtsson T

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide were investigated in cancer patients. The data can be characterized by a two-compartment open model. The half life of the elimination phase of the drug ranged between 3 and 11 hours.2. Extensive tubular reabsorption of the drug resulted in the excretion of only a small perce...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Cohen JL,Jao JY,Jusko WJ

更新日期：1971-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Besides its antimuscarinic effects, propiverine may possess an additional mode of action. We compared the effects of propiverine, three of its metabolites (M-5, M-6, M-14) and atropine in human, pig and mouse urinary bladder preparations in order to elucidate the nature of a possible additional mode of action. 2. L...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Wuest M,Hecht J,Christ T,Braeter M,Schoeberl C,Hakenberg OW,Wirth MP,Ravens U

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1 The selectivity and specificity of RX 781094 [2-(2-(1,4 benzodioxanyl))2-imidazoline HCl] for alpha-adrenoceptors have been examined in peripheral tissues. 2 In isolated tissue experiments RX 781094 was a competitive antagonist at prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors situated on the sympathetic nerve terminals of the...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Doxey JC,Roach AG,Smith CF

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelin constricted human isolated cerebral arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal tension developed, as well as EC50 values were similar in arteries with and without endothelium. Removal of extracellular calcium or addition of the calcium antagonist nicardipine (10(-6)M), attenuated but did not ...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： de Aguilera EM,Irurzun A,Vila JM,Aldasoro M,Galeote MS,Lluch S

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Dysfunction and injury of endothelial cells in the pulmonary artery play critical roles in the hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia. One consequence of hypoxia is increased activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). Here, we have explored, in detail, the effects of hypoxia on th...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Ma C,Liu Y,Wang Y,Zhang C,Yao H,Ma J,Zhang L,Zhang D,Shen T,Zhu D

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The GABA-B receptor agonists baclofen and 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid (3-APPi) have antitussive activity in the cat and guinea pig. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sites of action of these GABA-B receptor agonists to inhibit the cough reflex. 2. Single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulas wer...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Bolser DC,DeGennaro FC,O'Reilly S,Chapman RW,Kreutner W,Egan RW,Hey JA

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Rho kinase (ROCK) activation is involved in neuroinflammatory processes leading to progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, ROCK plays a major role in angiogenesis. Neuroinflammation and angiogenesis are mechanisms involved in developing l-DOPA-induced d...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Lopez-Lopez A,Labandeira CM,Labandeira-Garcia JL,Muñoz A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of cholinoceptor antagonists used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were examined for their ability to antagonize either the muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine D1 receptor-stimulated adenylyl cyclase or the muscarinic receptor-mediated stimulation of [3H]-inositol phosphates ([3H]-IPs) ...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Olianas MC,Onali P

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Athletes attempt to improve performance with drugs that act on the beta-adrenergic system directly or indirectly. Of three beta-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes, the beta(2)-AR is the main target in sport; they have bronchodilator and anabolic actions and enhance anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids. Although demons...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： Davis E,Loiacono R,Summers RJ

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Small molecule glucokinase activators (GKAs) have been associated with potent antidiabetic efficacy and hepatic steatosis in rodents. This study reports the discovery of S 50131 and S 51434, two novel GKAs with an original scaffold and an atypical pharmacological profile. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:A...

journal_title：British journal of pharmacology

authors： De Ceuninck F,Kargar C,Charton Y,Goldstein S,Perron-Sierra F,Ilic C,Caliez A,Rolin JO,Sadlo M,Harley E,Vinson C,Ktorza A

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00