Abstract:
PURPOSE:Excipients are added to lyophilized protein drug formulations to protect the protein during processing and storage, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange with mass spectrometry was used to assess protein conformation and excipient interactions in lyophilized solids. METHODS:Calmodulin (CaM, 17 kD) was co-lyophilized with carbohydrate excipients (sucrose, mannitol, trehalose, raffinose, dextran 5,000, dextran 12,000) or guanidine hydrochloride (negative control) and exposed to D2O vapor at 33% RH and RT. Samples were then dissolved and analyzed by mass spectrometry (+ESI/MS). Peptic digestion provided additional, site-specific information on H/D exchange. Solids were further characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and water vapor sorption. RESULTS:Excipients protected CaM from H/D exchange, increasing in the order guanidine hydrochloride < no excipient, mannitol < dextran 5,000, dextran 12,000 < sucrose < raffinose < trehalose. Effects were exerted primarily in the protein's alpha-helical segments. CONCLUSIONS:The effects of carbohydrate excipients on protein conformation in lyophilized solids are not exhibited uniformly along the protein sequence, but instead are exerted in a site-specific manner. The results also demonstrate the utility of H/D exchange with ESI/MS for protein structure characterization in lyophilized samples.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Li Y,Williams TD,Topp EMdoi
10.1007/s11095-007-9365-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-02-01 00:00:00pages
259-67issue
2eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
25pub_type
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journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00