Influence of gallate esterification on the activity of procyanidin B2 in androgen-dependent human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells.

Abstract:

PURPOSE:Present study assessed the influence of gallate esterification on the anti-cancer activity of procyanidin B2 (B2) in androgen-dependent human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells employing B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate (B2-G(2)), two mono-gallate esters B2-3-O-gallate (B2-3G) and B2-3'-O-gallate (B2-3'G) and the parent compound B2, all isolated from grape seed extract (GSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Study compounds were isolated from GSE by several chromatographic steps and structures determined by a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis, mass spectrometry and comparisons with standards. Cells, treated with these compounds, were assessed for viability and apoptosis and examined by western blotting. RESULTS:Gallate esters B2-G(2), B2-3G and B2-3'G significantly decreased LNCaP cell viability; however, B2 and gallic acid were ineffective. Furthermore, only B2-G(2) also significantly decreased cell growth. Decreases in cell viability were largely due to apoptosis induction with B2-G(2) and B2-3'G exhibiting comparable effects, whereas B2-3G was less effective. In mechanistic studies, B2-G(2) and B2-3'G treatments caused caspases-9 and -3 and PARP cleavage, and down-regulated Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl and androgen receptor levels. CONCLUSION:Together, our findings demonstrate anti-PCA efficacy of B2-G(2) and suggest that a gallate ester moiety at 3' position of procyanidin B2 contributes more extensively toward the biological activity of the di-gallate ester than esterification of position 3.

journal_name

Pharm Res

journal_title

Pharmaceutical research

authors

Chou SC,Kaur M,Thompson JA,Agarwal R,Agarwal C

doi

10.1007/s11095-009-0037-6

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-04-01 00:00:00

pages

619-27

issue

4

eissn

0724-8741

issn

1573-904X

journal_volume

27

pub_type

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