Abstract:
:1. Temperature, oxygen consumption, electromyographic activity, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and blood sugar were estimated in conscious unrestrained young chickens under conditions of thermoneutrality (31 degrees C) and below thermoneutrality (16 degrees C). In some chickens carotid arterial pressure was also recorded.2. At thermoneutrality, alpha-methylnoradrenaline lowered temperature and oxygen consumption in intact or chronically vagotomized chicks. alpha-Methylnoradrenaline was ineffective on temperature in chicks with transection of the brain-stem posterior to the hypothalamus but anterior to the respiratory centre. Hypothermia due to alpha-methylnoradrenaline was associated with a significant reduction of plasma non-esterified fatty acids but blood sugar was not significantly altered. Lowering of temperature by alpha-methylnoradrenaline occurred despite vasoconstriction which would hinder heat loss.3. Temperature and oxygen consumption were reduced by alpha-methylnoradrenaline in chronically thyroidectomized chicks to the same extent as in intact chicks but recovery did not occur unless the chicks were taken from the metabolism chamber and warmed artificially. In contrast, chronically thyroidectomized chicks given replacement thyroxine were relatively resistant to alpha-methylnoradrenaline.4. Oxygen consumption of tissue slices from different parts of the chick's brain, including the diencephalon, was not altered by alpha-methylnoradrenaline over an extensive dose range. The effects of alpha-methylnoradrenaline on temperature and oxygen consumption in intact chickens were unlikely, therefore, to be due to depressed metabolism of neurones.5. In an environment below thermoneutrality (16 degrees C) temperature was considerably reduced and carotid arterial pressure fell 40-50 mmHg. In contrast, electromyographic activity, oxygen consumption and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were markedly raised whereas blood sugar was insignificantly elevated.6. In experiments at 16 degrees C, alpha-methylnoradrenaline markedly reduced oxygen consumption although values were still higher than those at thermoneutrality. Temperature fell further, but whereas the reductions in oxygen consumption and temperature were long-lasting, electromyographic activity (shivering) was only transiently diminished. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids were reduced after alpha-methylnoradrenaline but not significantly so; blood sugar was not significantly altered. The time-course for recovery of oxygen consumption following a-methylnoradrenaline paralleled recovery from its blood pressure effects but the effect on oxygen consumption was not a consequence of the blood pressure changes. The effects of a-methylnoradrenaline on temperature, oxygen consumption and electromyographic activity were similar to those of another central depressant, pentobarbitone.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Allen DJ,Garg KN,Marley Edoi
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09876.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1970-04-01 00:00:00pages
667-87issue
4eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The pulmonary vasculature is constantly exposed to oxygen and reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions which can combine at a near diffusion limited rate, to form the powerful, oxidant, peroxynitrite (ONOO-). When formed in large amounts, ONOO- is thought to contribute to tissue injur...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701162
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated in isolated circular smooth muscle cells and strips of the guinea-pig gastric fundus. VIP induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of carbachol-induced contraction in smooth muscle cells with a maximum at 10(-6) ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703089
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) vasodilator nerves regulate tone in certain vascular beds. We have investigated the mechanisms of the NANC dilator response in the isolated small mesenteric artery of the rabbit by use of the tension myograph. 2 Small second or third order (150-300 microm in diameter) arteries o...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701610
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated previously that infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) into hyperlipidemic mice augments atherosclerosis and results in the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of aldosterone in these AngII-induced vascular pathologies. Male apolipoprotein...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706098
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase. Sildenafil, acting via NO-dependent mechanisms, prevents indomethacin-induced gastropathy. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) is involved in gastric defence. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707605
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient expression in COS-7 cells of the recombinant human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) h5-HT4(c) receptor isoform led to constitutive activity of the receptor. The 5-HT4 receptor antagonist 2-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperidino)ethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate (ML10375) at 1 microM completely abolished the 5-HT (1 mi...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702163
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We assessed the relaxant effect of 17 beta-oestradiol (10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) on rabbit isolated coronary arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (3 x 10(-6) M), high extracellular potassium (30 mM) and Bay K 8644 (10(-6) M) plus high extracellular potassium (15 mM) by measuring isometric tension. ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12545.x
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dihydropyridine calcium channel activator, Bay K 8644, is believed to increase mean arterial blood pressure in several animal models, as a result of direct activation of vascular smooth muscle cells by increasing calcium influx through the voltage-dependent calcium channels. The purpose of the current study was...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11490.x
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::RSD 921 is a novel, structurally unique, class I Na+ channel blocking drug under development as a local anaesthetic agent and possibly for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The effects of RSD 921 on wild-type heart, skeletal muscle, neuronal and non-inactivating IFMQ3 mutant neuronal Na+ channels expressed in Xeno...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702488
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Recently, we demonstrated that the nucleus accumbens (NAC) is required for the acquisition and expression of relief memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NMDA receptors within the NAC in relief learning. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:The NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phos...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.13070
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In non-allergic subjects, histamine induced a reduction of minimal nasal cross-sectional area (Amin) and an increase in albumin release into nasal lavage. The effect of histamine on albumin release was inhibited by pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1 mumol but not by D-NAME, 1 mumol. L-NAME,...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16653.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Yawning was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of low doses of apomorphine to rats. This effect decreased with increasing doses of the drug. 2. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment of animals with sulpiride (D2-receptor blocker) reduced the frequency of the yawns induced by apomorphine, while SCH 23390 (D1-rec...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11893.x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Treatment of rat mesangial cells with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) has been shown to induce a macrophage-type of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Here we report that adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is another mediator that triggers induction of NO synthase ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13019.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical trimethylcyclohexanol (TMC) is closely related to menthol, the major component of a terpene preparation with known choleretic and cholelitholytic activity. Its effects on hepatic cholesterol synthesis and bile secretion were examined in the rat. In both acute and long-term dosing experiments TMC significa...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10759.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Previous studies suggested that nitric oxide (NO) may cause hyperpolarization and relaxation of canine colonic smooth muscle by both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested using 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), a novel inhibitor of NO-stimulated guanylate cycla...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701487
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), shows promising results as an effective potential antiepileptic drug in some forms of refractory epilepsy. To elucidate the mechanisms by which CBD exerts its anti-seizure effects, we investigated its effects at synaptic connections and on t...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.14202
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have examined the mechanisms of local oedema formation in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction in the rabbit. 2. IgE-containing antiserum was injected i.d. and allowed to sensitize skin sites for periods up to 240 h. Antigen (bovine gamma globulin) was injected i.d. or i.v. and local oedema formatio...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13424.x
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Experiments were designed to investigate the effects of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) stimulator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on noradrenaline (NA) responses and on NOS activity and its expression in intact mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703552
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Positive allosteric modulation of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors could add a new dimension to the pharmacology and therapeutic approach to these receptors. The novel modulator NS9283 was therefore tested extensively. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Effects of NS9283 were evaluated in vitro ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01989.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have studied the ability of some adrenergic neurone blocking agents to inhibit the tracheal relaxant actions of isoprenaline, theophylline and the potassium channel openers (KCOs) BRL 38227, pinacidil and RP 52891. 2. BRL 38227, isoprenaline, pinacidil, RP 52891 and theophylline each caused concentration-depende...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14417.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Extrahepatic vasodilation and increased intrahepatic vascular resistance represent attractive targets for the medical treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. In both dysfunctions, dysregulation of the contraction-mediating Rho kinase plays an important role as it contributes to alter...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00158.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the action of the phenylalkylamines verapamil and N-methyl-verapamil on the Kv1.3 potassium channel using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Our goal was to identify their binding as a prerequisite for using the phenylalkylamines as small, well-defined molecular probes, not only...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702599
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Activation of cannabinoid receptors decreases emesis, inflammation, gastric acid secretion and intestinal motility. The ability to modulate intestinal permeability in inflammation may be important in therapy aimed at maintaining epithelial barrier integrity. The aim of the present study was to de...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01589.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of the two enantiomers, quinidine and quinine, were studied on depolarization- and agonist-induced isometric contractions in rat isolated thoracic aortic rings. 2. Quinidine or quinine (10(-6)M-3 x 10(-4)M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of 80 mM KCl-contracted rings, the pD2 values being...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15161.x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Angiotensin I (AI) and AII elicited a dose-dependent potentiation of contractions by rat vas deferens produced by low frequency nerve stimulation without enhancing the contraction produced by exogenous noradrenaline. The AII-induced presynaptic potentiation was blocked by the specific antagonist cysteine(8)-AII.2 Th...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09672.x
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN) blockers represent an important therapeutic goal due to the wide distribution and multiple functions of these proteins, representing the molecular correlate of f- and h-current (I(f) or I(h) ). Recently, new compounds ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01782.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Salbutamol and disodium cromoglycate were compared for anti-anaphylactic activity against passive anaphylaxis in rat skin and peritoneum in vivo and in rat mast cells and human lung fragments in vitro.2 Salbutamol administered intravenously to rats inhibited cutaneous anaphylaxis, but also inhibited cutaneous respon...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Inhibition of PDE5 improves synaptic plasticity and memory via enhancing cGMP expression, thus activating the cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signalling pathway. This study investigated the effects of a PDE5 inhibitor on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, using memory-re...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.14377
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Capsaicin, the irritant principle of hot peppers, is a vanilloid agonist known to activate the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (VR1), recently reported to be involved in neurodegeneration. The present study investigated the role of VR1 in a model of global cerebral ischemia in gerb...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706115
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 In unanaesthetized cats, the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 750 mug, via the lateral cerebral ventricle produced a pronounced fall in rectal temperature but only a slight fall when repeated 7 days later. At this time hypothalamic noradrenaline concentration had diminished to 4% of control.2 In these a...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09648.x
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00