Abstract：
:Since many physiological, metabolic, and endocrine changes that occur during pregnancy are evident even at rest, the alterations found during exercise may not necessarily be the same as those found in the normal population. Nonetheless, the exercise-induced cardiopulmonary changes are essentially normal or slightly exaggerated during pregnancy. The energy cost of cycle exercise is unchanged during pregnancy; however, the increased weight bearing, especially evident in late pregnancy, adds to the exercise effort during walking, climbing, or jogging. Aerobic work capacity remains unchanged during pregnancy, and typical training adaptations can be found during pregnancy. Hypoglycemia occurs more easily during exercise in pregnant women, even though lipid provision is exaggerated during late pregnancy. The influence of maternal exercise on the fetus is evident in changed heart rhythm and breathing patterns of the fetus. Pregnant patients with utero-placental insufficiency are more likely to have these fetal changes during exercise. Severe hyperthermia should be avoided during pregnancy. Animal studies indicate that some aspects of fetal metabolism are affected by maternal exercise; whether the reduction in uterine blood flow found during heavy exercise exacerbates this response is not known. Birth weight is unaffected when healthy well-nourished mothers participate in mild to moderate exercise programs during pregnancy. However, more intense exercise programs during pregnancy in animals can cause changes in fetal growth and litter size.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Gorski Jdoi
10.1249/00005768-198508000-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-08-01 00:00:00pages
407-16issue
4eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE:The effects of chronic exercise training on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) in skeletal muscle of senescent animals are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exercise training on skeletal muscle HSP expression in both young and old rats. METHODS:Youn...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200105000-00008
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects' previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and during a 30-min recovery period. Ten...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of post-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) intake on the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis after high intensity weight resistance exercise in subjects not currently weight training. In a cross-over design, eight male subjects performed sets (mean = 8.8) of si...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Since the introduction of carving skis, muscle activity has been investigated primarily on expert-level skiers with respect to EMG intensities. The three-part aim of this recreational skiing study was to analyze functional differences within the quadriceps muscle, to analyze the topographical influence, and to ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d299cf
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity. PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercise...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001276
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active recovery (AR) on plasma lactate concentration [La] and anaerobic power output as measured during repeated bouts of intense exercise (6 s) against increasing braking forces. Ten male subjects performed two randomly assigned exercise trials: one with a 5...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-199604000-00009
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Water polo is a sport involving extremely intense exercise training that might be expected to result in major cardiac adaptations. The purpose of our study was to evaluate cardiac size, determine VO(2max) of top-level water polo players, and compare the findings with those of other top-level athletes. METHODS:...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000152805.34215.97
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The extent to which the diaphragm is targeted during a bout of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relative activation patterns of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles during a bout of IMT and to determine whether diaphragmatic recr...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000881
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children and adolescents possess higher weight-related maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels than older individuals. The capacity of prepubescent children to improve aerobic fitness with endurance training is controversial, and reported data have provided conflicting evidence. In the adult, physical activity of c...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:To assess in men whether exercise affects the estimated age-related increase in adiposity, and contrariwise, whether age affects the estimated exercise-related decrease in adiposity. METHODS:Cross-sectional analyses of 64,911 male runners who provided data on their body mass index (97.6%) and wais...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000174894.05236.45
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve college-age men exercised on a bicycle ergometer to VO2max and at 60, 70, and 80% VO2max for 30 min to determine the effects of exercise intensity on plasma beta-endorphin (B-EP). The time course for alterations in B-EP and the relationship to lactate were also examined. Following the VO2max test, the three sub...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate variability of sedentary behavior (SB) throughout a 7-d measurement period and to determine if <7 d of SB measurement would be comparable with the typical 7-d measurement period. METHODS:Retrospective data from Ball State University's Clinical Exercise Phy...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000828
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of strenuous exercise on heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS:We evaluated the effects of exercise intensity and duration on HRV indices in 14 healthy trained subjects. Each subject exercised for 3, 6, and 9 min at 60 and 70% of the power achieved at maximal oxygen consumption (PVO2...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000142403.93205.35
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is becoming a popular tool to measure body composition in athletes, owing to its ease of operation and comprehensive analysis of body composition. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the reliability of DXA measurements of body composition in trained...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318228b60e
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of dietary antioxidant restriction on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and exercise performance in athletes. Oxidative stress has been shown to increase during exercise. To alleviate oxidative stress, a high intake of antioxidant rich foods or supplements may be required in traine...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000150016.46508.a1
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the effects of a long-term training program with endurance and strength elements for patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS:We studied 14 patients, mean age 57 yr, mean NYHA class 2.7, mean LVEF 29%, and mean VO2max 17.2 mL x kg(-1...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199908000-00004
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reproducibility of the Bruce exercise test protocol for the determination of maximal aerobic activity was evaluated in sedentary older women. Seventeen women between the ages of 51 and 68 yr performed five maximal graded exercise tests to volitional fatigue on a treadmill. VO2max (mL.kg-1.min-1) values averaged 27...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199708000-00018
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to test whether a tidally ventilated homogeneous lung model can correctly describe arterial and end-tidal gas partial pressures and thus the difference in end-tidal and arterial gas partial pressures at rest and during exercise. METHODS:The implemented mathematical modeling described ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200204000-00010
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study the gross efficiency of swimming was determined in a group of male (N = 6) and female (N = 4) competitive swimmers. The gross efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power output (W) to the power input (W). In a range of swimming velocities (0.95-1.6 m.s-1), the power input (rate of energy expenditure,...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1983 a representative sample of Danish adolescents 16-19 yr of age were selected to participate in a study to determine risk profile for coronary heart disease. Eight years later (1991), we performed a follow-up study of the same participants 23-27 yr of age to compare risk factors. In the young adults power was ge...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventilatory threshold (VT) has been suggested as a method for determining exercise training intensity in cardiac transplant patients (CTPs). Since the VT has not been validated against the more accepted marker of the anaerobic threshold, the lactate threshold (LT), in CTPs, the purpose of this investigation was to...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the duration of the stimulation and affects various functional systems of the muscle fiber in an orderly sequence. Early change...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Ankle proprioception training has been found to improve balance-related gait disorders; however, the relationship between ankle proprioception and specific gait patterns in older adults with and without impaired balance has not been systematically examined. METHODS:This study characterizes gait patterns o...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001017
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Cold-water immersion (CWI) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) are widely used recovery methods in an attempt to limit exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness, and functional deficits after strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ecologically valid CWI and WBC protocols on postexer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001223
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To validate the 7-d Physical Activity Recall (PAR) telephone interview version and its activity intensity categories. METHODS:Seventy-four adults (47 women, 27 men), ranging in age (18-67) and activity levels, were interviewed by phone and in-person using the same PAR protocol. Each participant wore a TriTrac-...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000064941.43869.4E
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of 14C as tracer to measure lactate turnover and oxidation and its role in gluconeogenesis are discussed. Lactate is formed as well as utilized in many cells, and most of it in the body is present within cells so that interpretation of 14C data from labelled lactate is more complex and more difficult than that...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198606000-00018
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the cardiovascular reactivity response to mental challenge of aerobically trained and untrained preadolescent boys. METHODS:Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, as well as stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, rate pressure product, and cardiac contractility response in 15 aerobically trained (...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000078935.78895.8E
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to measure noninvasively the absolute concentrations of muscle adenosine triphosphate [ATP], phosphocreatine [PCr], inorganic phosphate (Pi), and glycogen [Gly] of elite soccer players. METHODS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P- and 13C-MRS) was used to measure the concentratio...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199911000-00013
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Scientists and clinicians have attempted to identify and understand biomechanical factors that influence concussion likelihood. The effect of impact frequency to a given head location before the concussion has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of impacts to a given ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000896
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study examined the effect of endurance exercise on dendritic arborization in the dentate gyrus subregion in rodents exposed to a predator scent stress (PSS). METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. In two of the groups, rats were unexposed to PSS but either...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001038
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
