Abstract:
:Cyclooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandins in animals via the oxidation and reduction of arachidonic acid. Different types and numbers of COX genes have been found in corals, sea squirts, fishes, and tetrapods, but no study has used a comparative phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary history of this complex gene family. Therefore, to examine COX evolution in the teleosts and chordates, 9 novel COX sequences (possessing residues and domains critical to COX function) were acquired from the euryhaline killifish, longhorn sculpin, sea lamprey, Atlantic hagfish, and amphioxus using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning methods. Phylogenetic analyses of these and other COX sequences show a complicated history of COX duplications and losses. There are three main lineages of COX in the chordates corresponding to the three subphyla in the phylum Chordata, with each lineage representing an independent COX duplication. Hagfish and lamprey most likely have traditional COX-1/2 genes, suggesting that these genes originated with the first round of genome duplication in the vertebrates according to the 2R hypothesis and are not exclusively present in the gnathostomes. All teleosts examined have three COX genes due to a teleost-specific genome duplication followed by variable loss of a COX-1 (in the zebrafish and rainbow trout) or COX-2 gene (in the derived teleosts). Future studies should examine the functional ramifications of these differential gene losses.
journal_name
Mol Biol Evoljournal_title
Molecular biology and evolutionauthors
Havird JC,Miyamoto MM,Choe KP,Evans DHdoi
10.1093/molbev/msn183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-01 00:00:00pages
2349-59issue
11eissn
0737-4038issn
1537-1719pii
msn183journal_volume
25pub_type
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