Abstract:
:'Flexibility' tests are traditionally performed voluntarily-relaxed by rotating a joint slowly, however functional activities are performed rapidly with voluntary/reflexive muscle activity. Here we describe the reliabilities and differences in maximum ankle range of motion (ROMmax ) and plantar flexor mechanical properties at several velocities and levels of voluntary force from a new test protocol on a commercially available dynamometer. Fifteen participants had their ankle joint dorsiflexed at 5, 30, and 60°. s-1 in two conditions: voluntarily-relaxed and whilst producing 40% and 60% of maximal eccentric torque. Commonly reported variables describing ROMmax and resistance to stretch were subsequently calculated from torque and angle data. Absolute (coefficient of variation (CV%) and typical error) and relative (ICC2,1 ) reliabilities were determined across two testing days (≥72 h). ROMmax relative reliability was good in voluntarily-relaxed tests at 30 and 60°. s-1 and moderate at 5°. s-1 , despite CVs≤10% for all velocities. Tests performed with voluntary muscle activity were only reliable when performed at 5°. s-1 , and ROMmax reliability was moderate and CV ≤8%. For most variables, the rank order of participants differed between the slow-velocity, relaxed test and those performed at faster speeds or with voluntary activation, indicating different information. A person's flexibility status during voluntarily relaxed fast or active stretches tended to differ from their status in the traditional voluntarily relaxed, slow-velocity test. Thus, 'flexibility' tests should be completed under conditions of different stretch velocity and levels of muscle force production, and clinicians and researchers should consider the slightly larger between-day variability from slow-velocity voluntarily-relaxed tests.
journal_name
Scand J Med Sci Sportsjournal_title
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sportsauthors
Pinto MD,Wilson CJ,Kay AD,Blazevich AJdoi
10.1111/sms.13920subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-16 00:00:00eissn
0905-7188issn
1600-0838pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We examined whether maturity, anthropometric profiles and fitness measures vary according to birth date distribution in elite, under-14 youth academy soccer players. The selection year was divided into four quarters, with 160 male players grouped according to individual birth date. Players had their skeletal age deter...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00867.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemoglobin data have been available from ski teams beginning from 1987, and from 1989 to 1999 we have followed hemoglobin values in elite cross-country skiers in international competitions. The mean values at the 1989 World Nordic Ski Championships were lower than population reference values, as would be expected from...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010002098.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to compare (a) the physiological responses following cold-water immersion (CWI) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) and (b) the effects on recovery following a muscle-damaging protocol (5 × 20 drop jumps). Nineteen healthy males were randomly allocated into either a CWI (10°C for 10 minutes; n ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/sms.13014
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the acute effects of a half-time re-warm up on performance and movement patterns in soccer match play. Using a crossover design, 22 professional male players performed traditional passive rest (CON) or a low-intensity re-warm up (RW) during the half-time period of two soccer matches. Before and...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12236
更新日期:2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although aerobic interval training (AIT) is recognized to attenuate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality, it appears that it rarely arrives at patients' doorsteps. Thus, this study investigated 1-year effects and feasibility of AIT delivered with adherence support in collaborative care of o...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13808
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hamstring flexibility and knee flexion angle-torque relationship. Hamstring flexibility was assessed in 20 subjects (10 men, 10 women) using the straight leg raise (SLR) and active knee extension (AKE) tests. Isometric knee flexion strength was measured...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00792.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autonomic dysfunction decreases within-subject correlation between R-R interval length (RRi) and vagally mediated RRi variability in cardiac disease. We tested the hypothesis that overtraining syndrome (OTS) may also weaken this relationship. Nine OTS and 10 control endurance athletes underwent 24-h electrocardiogram ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12114
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine if in-season changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) are related to aerobic fitness and performance in collegiate rowers. Twenty-two female collegiate rowers completed testing before and after their competitive season. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal aero...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12934
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methods for analyzing the mechanisms of injuries in sports from video sequences of injury situations are so far limited to a simple visual inspection, which has shown poor accuracy. PURPOSE:To investigate whether a new model-based image-matching technique could successfully be applied to estimate kinematic ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00558.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle performance is closely related to the structure and function of tendons and aponeuroses, the sheet-like, intramuscular parts of tendons. The architecture of aponeuroses has been difficult to study with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because these thin, collagen-rich connective tissues have very short transver...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13407
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of contract-relax stretching (CRS) vs static stretching (SS) on strength loss and the length-tension relationship. We hypothesized that there would be a greater muscle length-specific effect of CRS vs SS. Isometric hamstring strength was measured in 20 healt...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/sms.12399
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to investigate markers of oxidative stress and levels of endogenous and dietary antioxidants in 16 elite female soccer players in response to a 90-min game (average intensity 82+/-3% HRpeak). Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 21 h after the game. Plasma-oxidized glutathione, the ratio of reduce...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00987.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering their potential relevance for low-back pain, we investigated trunk muscle strength, sagittal lumbo-pelvic alignment while standing and lumbo-pelvic ratio during trunk flexion in adolescent athletes with regard to the effects of age and sex. Twenty-two early adolescent (EA: 13-15 years, 10 females) and 28 l...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13503
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using qualitative life-course and pathway analysis, this article explores the beliefs that serious club cyclists have about performance improvement, and what they think are appropriate and inappropriate ways of achieving it. We interviewed 11 cyclists from suburban clubs in Melbourne, Australia, and invited them to di...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12090
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of closed and open kinetic chain tests of muscular strength to assess functional performance. Sixteen healthy male subjects, with a mean (+/-SD) age, body mass and height of 27+/-5 years, 78+/-9 kg and 183+/-9 cm, respectively, volunteered to participate in the ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010003164.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the peripheral frequency of monocytes, CD4 + T cell subsets and the systemic levels of cytokines in lean and obese men with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Mononuclear cells were obtained from 45 lean and 45 obese men who were assigned into six groups according to their bod...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13506
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sport injury epidemiology has received increased recognition as a field of sport medicine research that can improve the health and safety of athletes. Injuries among Paralympic powerlifters have not previously been systematically studied. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to characterize injuries among ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12554
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the Odense training studies is to elucidate if regular physical training influences the expected decline in physical functional ability in order to assess capacity for postponing dependence in old age. All participants were healthy community-dwelling women representing three different age-cohorts of 65, 75 ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00302.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the reduction in running velocities from road to off-road terrain in eight elite and eight amateur male orienteer athletes to investigate whether this factor differentiates elite from amateur athletes. On two separate days, each subject ran three 2-km time trials and three 20-m sprints "all-out" on a road,...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12224
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to investigate the potentially opposing influence of qualitative and quantitative muscular adaptations in response to high-intensity resistance training on contractile rate of force development (RFD) in the early (<100 ms) and later phases (>200 ms) of rising muscle force. Fifteen health...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00933.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atypical running gait biomechanics are considered a primary factor in the etiology of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). However, a general consensus on the underpinning kinematic differences between runners with and without ITBS is yet to be reached. This lack of consensus may be due in part to three issues: gender dif...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12394
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle injury frequently occurs in the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG), and stretching is used for treatment. However, there are no studies based on anatomical considerations and biomechanics. This study therefore examined the macroscopic anatomical structure of the triceps surae muscle to design an effective an...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12203
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of Nordic Walking (NW) as a rehabilitation modality has increased considerably. NW (walking with poles) is advocated as a healthy physical activity that reduces the load on the knees. Few studies using the techniques of NW exist, and the findings are contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate whet...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00699.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skyscraper running is here analyzed in terms of mechanical and metabolic requirements, both at the general and at the individual level. Skyscraper runners' metabolic profile has been inferred from the total mechanical power estimated in 36 world records (48-421 m tall buildings), ranked by gender and age range. Indivi...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01043.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The repeated bout effect refers to the adaptation whereby a single bout of eccentric exercise protects against muscle damage from subsequent eccentric bouts. While the mechanism for this adaptation is poorly understood there have been significant recent advances in the understanding of this phenomenon. The purpose of ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.02477.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sprint running is a common feature of many sport activities. The ability of an athlete to cover a distance in the shortest time relies on his/her power production. The aim of this study was to provide an exhaustive description of the mechanical determinants of power output in sprint running acceleration and to check w...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13520
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is recognized that stretching is an effective method to chronically increase the joint range of motion. However, the effects of stretching training on the muscle-tendon structural properties remain unclear. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine whether chronic stretching alter the muscle-tend...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/sms.12957
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is a major health concern, and current recommendations for blood pressure management (lifestyle modifications and pharmacological intervention) have not been universally successful. For two decades, isometric exercise training (IET) has become established as effective at reducing in resting BP (RBP) in a ...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sms.12225
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Running-related injuries remain problematic among recreational runners. We evaluated the association between having sustained a recent running-related injury and speed, and the strike index (a measure of footstrike pattern, SI) and spatiotemporal parameters of running. Forty-four previously injured and 46 previously u...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.12397
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:preprofessional dance training starts at very early ages, on a highly demanding environment placing students at significant risk for injury. Injury management and prevention are a matter of concern. Given the constant interchangeability of risk factors, identifying injury patterns may prove to be equally a...
journal_title:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sms.13382
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00