Abstract:
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Artificial intelligence and big data are more and more used in medicine, either in prevention, diagnosis or treatment, and are clearly modifying the way medicine is thought and practiced. Some authors argue that the use of artificial intelligence techniques to analyze big data would even constitute a scientific revolution, in medicine as much as in other scientific disciplines. Moreover, artificial intelligence techniques, coupled with mobile health technologies, could furnish a personalized medicine, adapted to the individuality of each patient. In this paper we argue that this conception is largely a myth: what health professionals and patients need is not more data, but data that are critically appraised, especially to avoid bias. METHODS:In this historical and conceptual article, we focus on two main problems: first, the data and the problem of its validity; second, the inference drawn from the data by AI, and the establishment of correlations through the use of algorithms. We use examples from the contemporary use of mobile health (mHealth), i.e. the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile or wearable devices such as mobile phones or smart watches. RESULTS:We show that the validity of the data and of the inferences drawn from these mHealth data are likely to be biased. As biases are insensitive to the size of the sample, even if the sample is the whole population, artificial intelligence and big data cannot avoid biases and even tend to increase them. CONCLUSIONS:The large amount of data thus appears rather as a problem than a solution. What contemporary medicine needs is not more data or more algorithms, but a critical appraisal of the data and of the analysis of the data. Considering the history of epidemiology, we propose three research priorities concerning the use of artificial intelligence and big data in medicine.
journal_name
J Eval Clin Practjournal_title
Journal of evaluation in clinical practiceauthors
Brault N,Saxena Mdoi
10.1111/jep.13528subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-23 00:00:00eissn
1356-1294issn
1365-2753pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical guidelines are tools that systematize scientific evidence and help to achieve proper care. Several difficulties are reported regarding the effective use, such as the shortcomings in the level of knowledge and attitudes by the professionals, the service structure and the preferenc...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01681.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Cambodia is one of the 22 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB). People often first seek treatment for cough and other TB symptoms through private pharmacies. The National Tuberculosis Programme trained willing private sector pharmacies to refer TB symptomatic clients to their...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12306
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01361.x
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01227.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01359.x
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abstract::This article draws attention to an absurd feature of contemporary political life that significantly affects health service policy and calls for an urgent explanation. Policies are formed by a process that privileges rhetoric over reality, producing policies that are conceptualized at a later date. Two influential arti...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2002.00361.x
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13289
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01387.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The obvious gap between evidence and practice in health care is unfavourable for patient care and requires the promotion of a scientific attitude among health care professionals. The aim of the present study was to determine the utilization of knowledge of and interest in research and development among primar...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01672.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past two decades, the majority of medical schools in the USA have embarked upon curricular initiatives to enhance the teaching of ambulatory or office-based primary care. Identifying characteristics of these primary care experiences that make for the most effective learning is a top priority in medical educat...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2001.00288.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01836.x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12145
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/jep.12505
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12658
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13292
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01534.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13159
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01347.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2004.00507.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2003.00435.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01895.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01618.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12462
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.1999.00194.x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01405.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the translation of medical information into clinical practice and the role of thoughtful dissent by exploring the influence of sociological factors on change, the impact of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and the role of industry. Changing practice related to hormone therapy for menopausal and p...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00608.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2003.00386.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Non-routine events (NREs) are atypical or unusual occurrences in a pre-defined process. Although some NREs in high-risk clinical settings have no adverse effects on patient care, others can potentially cause serious patient harm. A unified strategy for identifying and describing NREs in these domains will ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13456
更新日期:2020-08-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12859
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study which tests general practitioners used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and which patient characteristics were associated with test choice. DESIGN:Retrospective chart review on the diagnosis of UTIs in children in Dutch general practices who were diagnosed as having a UTI. A t...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01037.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00