Abstract:
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:A common approach to assessing treatment effects in nonrandomized studies with time-to-event outcomes is to estimate propensity scores and compute weights using logistic regression, test for covariate balance, and then estimate treatment effects using Cox regression. A machine-learning alternative-classification tree analysis (CTA)-used to generate propensity scores and to estimate treatment effects in time-to-event data may identify complex relationships between covariates not found using conventional regression-based approaches. METHOD:Using empirical data, we identify all statistically valid CTA propensity score models and then use them to compute strata-specific, observation-level propensity score weights that are subsequently applied in outcomes analyses. We compare findings obtained using this framework to the conventional method, by evaluating covariate balance and treatment effect estimates obtained using Cox regression and a weighted CTA outcomes model. RESULTS:All models had some imbalanced covariates. Nevertheless, treatment effect estimates were generally consistent across all weighted models. CONCLUSIONS:In the study sample, given that all approaches elicited similar results, using CTA increased confidence that bias could not be reduced any further. Because the CTA algorithm identifies all statistically valid propensity score models for a sample, it is most likely to identify a correctly specified propensity score model-and therefore should be used either to confirm results using traditional methods, or to reveal biases that may be missed by traditional methods. Moreover, given that the true treatment effect is never known in observational data, CTA should be considered for estimating outcomes because no statistical assumptions are required.
journal_name
J Eval Clin Practjournal_title
Journal of evaluation in clinical practiceauthors
Linden A,Yarnold PRdoi
10.1111/jep.12859subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
380-387issue
2eissn
1356-1294issn
1365-2753journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To discuss the usefulness of health care information technology (HIT) in assisting care providers minimize uncertainty while simultaneously increasing efficiency of the care provided. STUDY DESIGN:An ongoing study of HIT, performance measurement (clinical and production efficiency) and their implications to ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01483.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Smoking during pregnancy can cause several maternal and neonatal health risks, yet a considerable number of pregnant women continue to smoke. The objectives of this study were to test the factorial structure, validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the Modified Reasons for Smokin...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12500
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent surveys have uncovered major variations in key aspects of intercostal drain management, suggesting that decisions are being made on individual preferences without resorting to sound evidence. We provide an up-to-date review of the best practice with evidence-based recommendations and expert consensus views. The...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2002.00339.x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:We developed a novel Internet-based blended learning programme that allows busy health care professionals to attain core competency in clinical research. This study details the educational strategies and learning outcomes of the programme. METHOD:This study was conducted at Kyoto Univers...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01808.x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIM AND OBJECTIVE:Factors influencing doctors in prescribing of drugs have mostly been studied in primary care. Studies performed in hospital care have primarily focused on new drugs, not prescribing in general. An in-depth understanding of the prescribing process in the more specialized secondary care is no...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00751.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to apply the 'systems approach' to patient safety in order to identify causes for delays and errors in lung cancer diagnoses following an abnormal chest radiograph. METHODS:In the first part of this study, the systems approach to patient safety was comprehensively review...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12178
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recently, some leaders of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement drew attention to the "unintended" negative consequences associated with EBM. The term 'cognitive biases plus' was introduced in part I to encompass cognitive biases, conflicts of interests, fallacies and certain behaviours. HYPOTHESIS:'...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jep.12291
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:The way in which care providers describe incapacitated elderly people is not without implications. The different ways in which they describe their patients-client, patient, or a sick human being-have consequences for their relationships with these patients and the decision-making process...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13357
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are associated with substantial burden in adults (≥50 years). Moreover, adults with vascular, metabolic or respiratory diseases have been shown to have a 3-6 times higher risk of IPD when compared with their healthy controls. These persons at higher ri...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12131
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:To identify factors important in determining whether an obese child achieves significant reductions in Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) within a UK, hospital-based paediatric obesity service aimed at lifestyle modification. DESIGN:Observational Study. SUBJECTS:137 obese children (...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00706.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Wristbands are essential for accurate patient identification. Some evidence suggests that missing wristbands is not an infrequent occurrence in acute hospitals. The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) has developed guidance on patient identification for hospitals in England and Wales. H...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01004.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Measures of safety climate are increasingly used to guide safety improvement initiatives. However, cost and respondent burden may limit the use of safety climate surveys. The purpose of this study was to develop a 15- to 20-item safety climate survey based on the Patient Safety Climate i...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12731
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS & OBJECTIVES:A variety of transition of care interventions has been evaluated to date to reduce readmissions. No studies evaluated effectiveness of clinical pharmacist's home-visits to recently discharged Medicare Advantage patients with the goal of preventing subsequent readmissions and urgent care use...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12495
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identified as a mental disorder by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler (1858-1939), schizophrenia has been subject to various criticisms, on both political and scientific grounds. Still, until the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, as the'Spectrum of Schizophrenia and Othe...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12608
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Several studies have found that about half of research results from clinical trials are never published. Until now, there has been little information on the views that funding agencies of biomedical research in Europe have regarding this issue and its possible solutions. METHODS:An elec...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12692
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Neonates with life-threatening conditions face complex clinical circumstances that confront parents and professionals with ethical decisions. Parents' participation in decision making has not gained sufficient attention in practice. Understanding factors affecting parents' participation ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13492
更新日期:2020-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Values-based practice (VBP), developed as a partner theory to evidence-based medicine (EBM), takes into explicit consideration patients' and clinicians' values, preferences, concerns and expectations during the clinical encounter in order to make decisions about proper interventions. VBP takes seriously the importance...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12313
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether a brief Internet-based education programme could improve physicians' abilities to manage pigmented skin lesions. A pre-test-post-test assessment was used of subjects' knowledge of skin cancer, confidence in their management abilities and actual ability to recommend approp...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.1999.00194.x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of protocol-based care on nursing roles, practice and service delivery. DESIGN:Case study evaluation informed by realistic evaluation methodology. Qualitative data collection methods were used including non-participant observation, post-observation interviews with nurses and patients, ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01015.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few randomized clinical trials focus on patients' symptoms of the first post-operative week following outpatient (OPS) versus inpatient (IPS) laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The objective was to compare these treatment modalities with regard to patients' perceptions of pain and other post-operative sympto...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00920.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Disparities in haemodialysis outcomes among centres have been well-documented. Besides, attempts to assess haemodialysis results have been based on non-comprehensive methodologies. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing haemodialysis centres, based on the va...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12483
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notion of stigma and its influence on the understanding of dementia has commonly been recognized as a great challenge to seeking healthcare services for South Asians in England. The aim of this commentary is to examine how Muslims view, understand and tackle dementia stigma in the context of revivalist Islam, espe...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.13412
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the quality of methodological guidelines for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument by searching and analysing the available worldwide guidelines. This could pr...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12474
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate control of blood pressure (BP) and diabetes and the associated risk factors in diabetic hypertensives treated by diabetic clinic primary care physicians. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of the medical records of diabetic hypertensives from six primary care diabetic clinics in Bahrain. RESULTS:T...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00511.x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a worldwide approach to improving health care. There is, however, a shortage of studies examining whether or not newly graduated health care professionals are actually applying EBP in their daily work. OBJECTIVES:To examine the application of EBP in clinical practice by regi...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01316.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have witnessed the rising star of evidence-based medicine (EBM) as an approach towards rationalizing clinical practice in the face of an exponentially growing body of knowledge. Along with it, however, a sense of unease is rising among practising doctors, as they feel that well-intentioned principles may ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2003.00473.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strand and Parkkinen criticize our dispositional account of causation in evidence-based medicine for failing to provide a proper epistemology of causal knowledge. In particular, they claim that we do not explain how causal inferences should be drawn. In response, we point out that dispositionalism does indeed have an ...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12189
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are significant tools for evidence-based health care quality improvement. The CPG program at King Saud University was launched as a quality improvement program to fulfil the international accreditation standards. This program was a collaboration betwee...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12927
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Variability in indications for total hip replacement (THR) and unequal waiting times may limit health care access. OBJECTIVE:To analyse the relationship between appropriateness and previously developed surgical priority instruments. METHOD:Multicentre cross-validation study of patients placed on the waiting...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01362.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of diseases, or categories of suffering, referred to as medically unexplained symptoms or syndromes (MUS) are the focus for the following commentary. Such cases seem to invite reflection. The very nature of such complex patterns of disease and suffering raises a number of fundamental epistemological and onto...
journal_title:Journal of evaluation in clinical practice
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jep.12430
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00