Abstract：
PURPOSE:To measure the rheological behaviour of artificial tears to gain insight into the potential role of rheology in predicting the efficacy of artificial tear solutions for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). SETTING:Research laboratories of I-MED Pharma, Canada, Rohn and Associates, Inc., New Jersey, and Hydan Technologies, New Jersey, DESIGN:: Laboratory investigation. METHODS:Twenty commercially available artificial tear drops were purchased in Canada and the UK. Rheological measurements of viscosity and normal stress as a function of shear rate were performed at 25 C. RESULTS:For comparison of the rheological behavior the various artificial tears were sorted into 3 groups: Group A, which exhibit significant non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior; Group B, which exhibit moderate non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior; and Group C, which exhibit Newtonian behavior throughout the shear rate range. Results of normal stress difference, N1 as a function of shear rate were concordant with the rheological testing, indicated the viscoelastic nature of the samples in Groups A and B, while members of Group C did not exhibit any elasticity. CONCLUSIONS:The various artificial tear solutions were sorted into groups based on their Newtonian or non-Newtonian behaviors. The results suggest that non-Newtonian solutions should provide better comfort and longer-lasting symptomatic relief for DED. It remains to be confirmed clinically if there is a direct correlation between the rheological behavior of artificial tears and their ability to provide prolonged relief in DED, or if other factors are more important.
journal_name
J Cataract Refract Surgjournal_title
Journal of cataract and refractive surgeryauthors
Arshinoff S,Hofmann I,Nae Hdoi
10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000507subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-30 00:00:00eissn
0886-3350issn
1873-4502pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We report a case of rupture of a radial keratotomy (RK) incision that occurred during clear corneal phacoemulsification 11 years after the initial surgery. The RK was done in both eyes for correction of high myopia (>8.0 diopters). This was followed by 2 enhancement procedures at 6 month intervals. The patient present...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(01)00763-5
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) technique is for use in complicated surgical cases such as when the anterior chamber is shallow, the red reflex is not good, or eye movements are present. This technique is easier and safer in such cases because it uses a cystotome connected to a viscoelastic syringe. Fi...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(98)80162-4
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a case of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) that developed after cataract surgery. A 78-year-old woman had uneventful phacoemulsification via a clear corneal incision with implantation of an acrylic intraocular lens. One day postoperatively, diffuse corneal edema and anterior chamber inflammation were e...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.07.052
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 25-year-old woman with myopia who had an AC pIOL implantation in the left eye and posterior chamber pIOL implantation in the right eye developed bilateral granulomatous panuveitis 2 months after the second surgery. Physical examination showed bilateral Koeppe and Busacca nodules. Fluorescein angiography showed diffu...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.02.026
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is a major deterrent to visual recovery after a complicated cataract surgery. Decentered intraocular lenses (IOLs) incite chronic inflammation that often leads to bullous keratopathy. The triple procedure of glued IOL allows secondary IOL fixation along with single-pass four-throw pupi...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.11.036
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several transscleral suturing techniques require intricate surgical maneuvers and are associated with an increased risk for surgical trauma. We describe a new scleral fixation method that combines the advantages of temporary haptic externalization and injector implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). After IOL inser...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.11.030
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oil-drop cataract is a common yet often overlooked cause of progressive vision loss. Although the nuclear change can be subtle on slitlamp biomicroscopic examination, retinoscopy reveals the classic oil droplet silhouetted against the red reflex. We present seven patients with oil-drop cataracts referred for neuro...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80962-5
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the clinical outcomes after implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at 1 year and 9 years postoperatively. SETTING:Three surgical sites in Japan. DESIGN:Prospective case series and retrospective review. METHODS:In 110 eyes of 110 p...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000142
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the performance of a partial coherence interferometry (PCI)-based device for the determination of anterior segment biometry. SETTING:Clinica Centrofama, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. METHODS:Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were measured with the ACM...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.10.038
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a technique to prevent late intraocular lens (IOL) subluxation and dislocation that can be associated with progressive zonulopathy. Supracapsular glued IOL fixation is done to retain an intact anterior hyaloid face and avoid vitreous disturbance while providing stable long-term IOL fixation. Phacoemulsific...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.02.006
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred consecutive patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) in reducing patient discomfort after cataract surgery. Other factors evaluated were the effect of preoperative flurbiprofen (Ocufen) in preventing intraoperative...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80508-1
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the efficacy, stability, and safety of photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK) in treating post-cataract myopic anisometropia to restore binocularity and to describe a comprehensive method for analyzing the results of refractive surgery. SETTING:St. Paul's Eye Center, Royal Liverpool Hospital, ...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00362-4
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To estimate the ability of the Ocular Response Analyzer parameters to aid in the diagnosis of keratoconus in pre-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients. SETTING:Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux 2 University, Bordeaux Cedex, France. DESIGN:Evaluation of diagnostic test. METHODS:This study compared...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.06.029
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a case in which the capsular bag with an intraocular lens (IOL) and a capsular tension ring (CTR) dislocated into the vitreous. The dislocated foldable posterior chamber IOL and CTR were removed with a pars plana vitrectomy and exchanged with a scleral-fixated IOL. No complications occurred intraoperatively ...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.05.016
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I describe an intraoperative method for the consistent anchoring of the intraocular lens (IOL) and cataract surgery and on the patient's visual axis using coaxial microscope optics, surgeon-guided patient fixation, the precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) device (Zepto) and utilizing the first (and fourth) Purkinje image...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.02.013
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the incidence, risk factors, and impact on visual outcomes of an opaque bubble layer (OBL) produced by an Intralase femtosecond laser (60 kHz) during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING:Laser Vision Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. DESIGN:Case series. METHODS:Patient...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.055
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the volumetric occlusion break surge responses of phacoemulsification units from 1 company over 3 generations under varying vacuum limits and target intraocular pressure (IOP) settings. SETTING:Alcon Research, Ltd., Lake Forest, California, USA. DESIGN:Experimental study. METHODS:Three generations...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.01.032
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, stability, and complications after implantation of a foldable iris-fixated toric phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) to correct myopic astigmatism. SETTING:University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. DESIGN:Retrospective nonrandomized observati...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.11.027
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the safety and efficacy of Ozil Intelligent Phaco torsional microcoaxial phacoemulsification surgeries performed with 12-degree and 22-degree bent tips using the Infiniti Vision System. SETTING:Maltepe University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey. DESIGN:Comparative c...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.03.002
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the effect of primary posterior capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy (PPC + AV) and intraocular lens (IOL) design and material on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery. SETTING:Tertiary care institution in India. PATIENTS:Sixty-four eyes of 52 child...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00231-1
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 60-year-old white man had cataract surgery with an AcrySof IQ intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the right eye and a Tecnis IOL implanted in the left eye. The ocular spherical aberration (SA) target for a 6.0 mm pupil was +0.10 microm for the right eye and 0 microm for the left eye. After surgery, the ocular SA in ...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.12.041
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 48-year-old man with cataract had uncomplicated phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) into the continuous capsulorhexis. Three years later, part of the capsular bag and a haptic subluxated into the anterior chamber. At the time of repositioning surgery, partial zonular de...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(97)80127-7
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the complication rate of corneal crosslinking (CXL) for primary keratectasia and to develop recommendations for avoiding complications. SETTING:Institut für Refraktive und Ophthalmo-Chirurgie, Zurich, Switzerland. METHODS:In a prospective study, eyes with verified progressive keratectasia had stan...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.03.035
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a case of keratoconus in which the association with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy was established by confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy enable us to assess the differential diagnosis between posterior corneal dystrophies, essential for a prognosis and therapeutic decision. ...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.09.028
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the benefit of various surgical methods to address pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia. SETTING:Private practice, Los Angeles, California, USA. DESIGN:Interventional case series. METHODS:The following 4 surgical methods were used to treat negative dysphotopsia: secondary piggyback intraocular lens...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.02.022
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the possible mechanisms of cataractogenesis by evaluating the characteristics of cataractous lens epithelial cells (LECs) in different types of human cataract. SETTING:Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. METHODS:Lens epithelial cells attached to the anterior c...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00009-7
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To describe the successful treatment of epithelial ingrowth using combined surgical excision with intracameral adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). A 71-year-old man presented with epithelial ingrowth after clear corneal phacoemulsification. He under...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.12.030
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the safety, efficacy, and predictability of femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with previous radial keratotomy (RK). SETTING:Hospital Virgen del Consuelo de Valencia, Valencia, and Vissum Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. METHODS:This prospective study compr...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.02.061
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present 2 cases of toric intraocular lens implantation for keratoconus: A 55-year-old man with forme fruste keratoconus with a preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/800 and a refraction of -6.50-3.00x135 and a 46-year-old man with a claw-shaped topographic pattern, a family history of keratoc...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.05.043
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique for phacoemulsification that can be used with or without capsulorhexis and that allows surgery to be performed at the 12 o'clock position is described. Following central sculpting, the nucleus is tipped superiorly to the level of the iris plane with a second instrument and the phacoemulsification tip. The ...
journal_title：Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0886-3350(13)81054-1
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
