Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Management Of Infertility.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Medical treatments are used either alone or in combination with assisted reproductive techniques for treatment of infertile patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide range of treatment options such as gonadotropins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and their combination are available as options. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this review was to evaluate treatment options for the infertile men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. METHODS:A literature search of MEDLINE (1980-2019) was conducted using the terms 'hypogonadism', 'male infertility', 'gonadotropins', 'SERMs' and 'AIs'. Pathologies leading to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and surgical treatment were discussed. RESULTS:FSH increases spontaneous pregnancy rates but level of evidence was proven to be low for live birth rates. AIs are valid treatment options for patients with low T/E2 ratio as they significantly increase sperm concentrations. SERMs are recommended for infertile males with a sperm concentration between 10-20 millions. Varicocele was reported to increase testosterone levels of hypogonadic infertile males. CONCLUSION:Medical treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and combination of these therapies has been showed to have some effect in improvement of fertility but is not mainstream of the treatment.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Kalkanli A,Akdere H,Cevik G,Salabas E,Cilesiz NC,Kadioglu A

doi

10.2174/1381612826666201102110456

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-01 00:00:00

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

pii

CPD-EPUB-111074

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Integrins: a method of early intervention in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases.

    abstract::The integrin family of cell surface receptors were principally thought to be involved in cell adhesion. Intense study has shown that these glycoproteins also regulate a diverse range of physiological processes. Inappropriate activation of integrins has been implicated in many pathological processes. Recent studies hav...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208783413284

    authors: Robertson JH,Iga AM,Sales KM,Winslet MC,Seifalian AM

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interleukin-6: A Critical Cytokine in Cancer Multidrug Resistance.

    abstract::Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon through which tumor cells develop resistance against the cytotoxic effects of various structurally and mechanistically unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. The most consistent feature in MDR is overexpression and/or overactivity of ATP-dependent drug efflux transporters. Other ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666151124234417

    authors: Ghandadi M,Sahebkar A

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Tailoring antiplatelet therapy: a step toward individualized therapy to improve clinical outcome?

    abstract::P2Y12 adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists are critical to reduce thrombotic recurrences in acute coronary syndromes patients and for those undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the level of on-treatment platelet reactivity inhibition with P2Y12 ADP re...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212803251934

    authors: Laine M,Camoin-Jau L,Bessereau J,Sébastien A,Paganelli F,Bonello L

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ion Channel and Neurotransmitter Modulators as Electroceutical Approaches to the Control of Cancer.

    abstract::The activities of individual cells must be tightly coordinated in order to build and maintain complex 3- dimensional body structures during embryogenesis and regeneration. Thus, one way to view cancer is within systems biology as a network disorder affecting the ability of cells to properly interact with a morphodynam...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170530105837

    authors: Tuszynski J,Tilli TM,Levin M

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Imaging the glutamate system in humans: relevance to drug discovery for schizophrenia.

    abstract::There is growing evidence for the involvement of glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia. Uncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists induce effects closely resembling both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; candidate risk genes for schizophrenia converge on the NMDAR expressing synapse; and...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209788957438

    authors: Stone JM

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise as an anabolic stimulus for bone.

    abstract::Mechanical loading provides an anabolic stimulus for bone. More importantly, the mechanosensing apparatus in bone directs osteogenesis to where it is most needed for improving bone strength. The biological processes involved in bone mechanotransduction are poorly understood and further investigation of the molecular m...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612043383755

    authors: Turner CH,Robling AG

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • ADAM9 as a potential target molecule in cancer.

    abstract::ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) proteins have a predominant role in the protein ectodomain shedding of membrane-bound molecules. ADAMs have emerged as critical regulators of cell-cell signaling during development and homeostasis, and are believed to contribute to pathologies, such as cancer, where their reg...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209788682415

    authors: Peduto L

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives.

    abstract::Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structura...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190618143952

    authors: Li J,Cai C,Yang C,Li J,Sun T,Yu G

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of the endocannabinoid system in Alzheimer's disease: facts and hypotheses.

    abstract::Unlike other neuroinflammatory disorders, like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis, little is still known of the role of the endocannabinoid system in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is partly due to the poor availability of animal models that are really relevant to the human disease, and t...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208785740027

    authors: Bisogno T,Di Marzo V

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • The implications of human stem cell differentiation to endothelial cell via fluid shear stress in cardiovascular regenerative medicine: a review.

    abstract::Stem cell therapy heralds a new chapter in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Cardiovascular implants are often used in both surgery and interventional cardiology. Cardiovascular stents are utilized in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and are classified as either bare metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting st...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161210794455058

    authors: Tan A,Sumpio BE,Lee S,Seifalian AM

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bioactivity Prediction Based on Matched Molecular Pair and Matched Molecular Series Methods.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Enhancing a compound's biological activity is the central task for lead optimization in small molecules drug discovery. However, it is laborious to perform many iterative rounds of compound synthesis and bioactivity tests. To address the issue, it is highly demanding to develop high quality in silico bioacti...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200427111309

    authors: Ding X,Cui C,Wang D,Zhao J,Zheng M,Luo X,Jiang H,Chen K

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting the cell cycle in the pursuit of novel chemotherapies against parasitic protozoa.

    abstract::Protozoan parasites, such as those responsible for malaria and African Sleeping Sickness, represent a huge burden to the developing world. Current chemotherapy to combat these diseases is inadequate: antiquated, toxic and increasingly ineffective due to drug resistance. In this article, the potential usefulness of tar...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208784041042

    authors: Grant KM

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Individualized treatment planning in oncology: role of PET and radiolabelled anticancer drugs in predicting tumour resistance.

    abstract::Tumour resistance to anticancer agents remains a challenge in oncological practice, because it results in exposure to toxicities, unnecessary costs and, most importantly, delay of a potentially more effective treatment. Drug uptake by tumours may be impaired by several resistance pathways. Reasons for primary resistan...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208786404344

    authors: van der Veldt AA,Luurtsema G,Lubberink M,Lammertsma AA,Hendrikse NH

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical use of aspirin in ischemic heart disease: past, present and future.

    abstract::Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug, inhibiting the cyclooxygenase activity of platelet prostaglandin H synthase-1 and almost complete suppressing platelet capacity to generate the prothrombotic and proatherogenic thromboxane A2. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin reduces the risk of serious vascular events by about a quar...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212803251943

    authors: De Caterina R,Renda G

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Phytoestrogen-Rich Dietary Supplements in Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy in Postmenopausal Women.

    abstract::Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among postmenopausal women in western societies. There are still no specific and highly efficient methods of preservation of women's vascular health in modern preventive medicine. For many years physicians have assumed that hormone replacement...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666151112150520

    authors: Sobenin IA,Myasoedova VA,Orekhov AN

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Applications of 3D Printing in Pulmonary Drug Delivery and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary diseases are the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide, however treatment and diagnosis of these diseases continue to be challenging due to the complex anatomical structure as well as physiological processes in the lungs. METHODS:3D printing is progressively finding new avenues in the medical...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666181206123414

    authors: Haque S,Md S,Whittaker M,Kaminskas LM

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.

    abstract::Although the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive, it appears that there is chronic activation of the immune and inflammatory cascade in genetically susceptible individuals. Current disease management guidelines have therefore focused on the use of anti-inflammatory agents, aminosalicylates...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612033455035

    authors: Ogata H,Hibi T

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • New therapies in cystic fibrosis.

    abstract::Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that lead to abnormalities in transepithelial ion transport in the airways of affected patients. Lung disease is the major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis but recommende...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212799315984

    authors: Ratjen F,Grasemann H

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Left ventricular non-compaction: from recognition to treatment.

    abstract::We have gained considerable insight and understanding about the etiology, embryogenesis of the myocardium, genetic background, diagnosis and outcome of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) over the last 2 decades. LVNC has a distinct morphological appearance with a thickened, two-layered myocardium consisting of an ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161282104141204143212

    authors: Ganame J

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation: State of Art and Future Perspectives.

    abstract::ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplantation (LT) has been limited due to the increased rate of complications, including severe cellular and antibody-mediated rejection, hepatic necrosis, hepatic artery thrombosis, and biliary complications. However, several strategies for reducing preformed anti-donor ABO antibodie...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200506094539

    authors: Cheng CH,Lee CF,Wang YC,Wu TH,Wu TJ,Chou HS,Chan KM,Lee WC

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Olfactory Loss Management in View of Avicenna: Focus on Neuroprotective Plants.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Loss of olfaction can cause noticeable reduction in general quality of life. Only a small portion of patients with olfactory loss respond to current medications. Thus, development of novel therapeutic strategies seems to be necessary. Looking into traditional medical knowledge can be of great value in addres...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170316122949

    authors: Sinaei F,Emami SA,Sahebkar A,Javadi B

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical application of ghrelin.

    abstract::Ghrelin as a human natural hormone is involved in fundamental regulatory processes of eating and energy balance. Ghrelin signals the nutrient availability from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system, up-regulates food intake and lowers energy expenditure mainly through hypothalamic mediators acting b...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212803216870

    authors: Strasser F

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of ABCB1 Genotypes on the Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of New Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) are effective and widely used to prevent and treat thromboembolic diseases, but the response to NOACs differs according to ABCB1 genotypes. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effects of ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of NOACs. METHODS:We searched Pu...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666181018153641

    authors: Xie Q,Xiang Q,Mu G,Ma L,Chen S,Zhou S,Hu K,Zhang Z,Cui Y,Jiang J

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Long-Term Metabolic Consequences in Patients with a History of Gestational Diabetes.

    abstract::Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Universal guidelines on gestational diabetes have been impeded by the long-term controversies on its definition and screening strategies. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is rising all over the world, is significantly influenced by et...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666201106092423

    authors: Kousta E,Kontogeorgi A,Robinson S,Johnston DG

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ras signaling pathway proteins as therapeutic targets.

    abstract::Ras is a 21 kDa membrane-localized G protein that is coupled to receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase activation of downstream cytoplasmic and nuclear events. Mutated ras genes are common, and occur in a wide variety of human malignancies. These activating mutations result in constitutive signaling, thereby stimul...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612013397258

    authors: Adjei AA

    更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00

  • Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Pulmonary Embolism: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Anticoagulation in patients with pulmonary embolism. OBJECTIVE:To identify how non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are associated with multiple outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism. METHODS:We performed a systematic search of systematic reviews via multiple electronic databases from incept...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200506114450

    authors: Doundoulakis I,Antza C,Karvounis H,Giannakoulas G

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Conjugates of oligonucleotides and analogues with cell penetrating peptides as gene silencing agents.

    abstract::The review describes key aspects of the synthesis and biological activities of conjugates of oligonucleotides and their analogues with synthetic peptides, in particular aimed towards gene silencing applications. The common methods of synthesis of oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates (OPCs) and PNA-peptide conjugates (PP...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161205774580769

    authors: Zatsepin TS,Turner JJ,Oretskaya TS,Gait MJ

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Central hemodynamics for risk reduction strategies: additive value over and above brachial blood pressure.

    abstract::Reduction strategies of blood pressure, as a modifiable cardiovascular risk, are currently based on office assessment of brachial artery blood pressure. However, antihypertensive treatment based on brachial BP values reduces cardiovascular risk but cannot completely reverse the hypertension-induced risk of morbidity e...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666141023164530

    authors: Rinaldi ER,Yannoutsos A,Borghi C,Safar ME,Blacher J

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Caenorhabditis elegans-based model systems for antifungal drug discovery.

    abstract::The substantial morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal infections constitute undisputed tokens of their severity. The continued expansion of susceptible population groups (such as immunocompromised individuals, patients undergoing extensive surgery, and those hospitalized with serious underlying disea...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161211795703753

    authors: Anastassopoulou CG,Fuchs BB,Mylonakis E

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Medium-term culture of normal human oral mucosa: a novel three-dimensional model to study the effectiveness of drugs administration.

    abstract::Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents have been developed for in vitro studies for a few years now. However, the usefulness of currently available models is still limited by many factors, mainly the lack of a physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) and the use of cell populations that do not reflect the properly...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138161212803307482

    authors: Bucchieri F,Fucarino A,Marino Gammazza A,Pitruzzella A,Marciano V,Paderni C,De Caro V,Siragusa MG,Lo Muzio L,Holgate ST,Davies DE,Farina F,Zummo G,Kudo Y,Giannola IL,Campisi G

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00