An infection-oriented approach for thoracic endovascular aortic repair in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient. A case report.

Abstract:

CASE REPORT:A 64-year-old woman presented to our emergency department during the outbreak of the covid-19 emergency in Italy with syncope, anosmia, mild dyspnoea and atypical chest and dorsal pain. A chest CT scan showed an acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD) and bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity, compatible with interstitial pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal swabs resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2. For the persistence of chest pain, despite the analgesic therapy, we decided to treat her with a TEVAR. Patient's chest and back pain resolved during the first few days after the procedure. No surgical or respiratory complications occurred and the patient was discharged 14 days after surgery. DISCUSSION:By performing the operation under local anesthesia, it was possible to limit both the staff inside the operatory room and droplet/aerosol release. Since we had to perform the operation in a hemodynamics room, thanks to the limited extension of the endoprosthesis and the good caliber of the right vertebral artery we were able to reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemia despite the lack of a revascularization of the left subclavian artery. CONCLUSIONS:A minimally invasive total endovascular approach allows, through local anesthesia and percutaneous access, to avoid surgical cut down and orotracheal intubation. This, combined with a defined management protocol for infected patients, seems to be a reasonable way to perform endovascular aortic procedures in urgent setting, even in a SARSCoV- 2 positive patient. KEY WORDS:COVID-19, Dissection, TEVAR. :Nel marzo 2020 una donna di 64 anni si è presentata presso il nostro pronto soccorso con sincope, anosmia, lieve dispnea e dolore toracico. Riferiva inoltre febbricola nei giorni precedenti, ma al momento del ricovero era apiretica e la sua saturazione di ossigeno in aria ambiente era 93%. Una TC del torace (eseguita per escludere una tromboembolia polmonare) ha evidenziato una dissezione aortica acuta di tipo B e una polmonite interstiziale bilaterale, con successiva positività del tampone naso-faringeo per SARS-CoV-2. La dissezione aortica era estesa longitudinalmente per circa 6 cm, con un tear di entrata situato subito distalmente rispetto all’origine dell’arteria succlavia sinistra. Come per tutte le sindromi aortiche acute, la paziente è stata trasferita in terapia intensiva per monitoraggio invasivo della pressione arteriosa; in questo caso è stata pianificata una stanza singola con isolamento da contatto e per droplets. Secondo il protocollo interno è stata impostata una terapia antivirale ed una profilassi antibiotica ed antitrombotica. La somministrazione di ossigeno a basso flusso attraverso occhialini nasali era sufficiente per mantenere una saturazione > 94%. Una scansione TC dopo 24 ore non ha mostrato cambiamenti nell’estensione della dissezione, ma la paziente continuava a riferire dolore toracico nonostante la terapia analgesica per cui è stato deciso di sottoporla a trattamento chirurgico. In anestesia locale (senza intubazione oro-tracheale e con un anestesista in stand-by fuori dalla stanza) ed utilizzando una sala di emodinamica (per la indisponibilità delle sale operatorie, trasformate in terapia intensiva per i pazienti COVID-19) la lesione è stata esclusa mediante il posizionamento di una endoprotesi toracica con copertura intenzionale dell’origine della succlavia di sinistra senza rivascolarizzazione. L’angiografia finale ha mostrato la completa esclusione della dissezione e l’assenza di endoleak. In base al nostro protocollo infettivologico, per l’intera durata della procedura alla paziente è stata applicata una mascherina chirurgica al fine di limitare la diffusione di droplets e l’ossigenoterapia è stata somministrata tramite occhialini nasali. Il personale presente all’interno della sala di emodinamica è stato ridotto al minimo (tre chirurghi vascolari ed un infermiere di sala operatoria) per abbattere il rischio infettivo e l’impiego di dispositivi di protezione individuale. Oltre alla divisa, al camice piombato ed agli occhiali schermati, il personale presente nella stanza era dotato di un doppio camice chirurgico, due paia di guanti, visiera protettiva, maschera FFP2 e copri scarpe. La procedura si è svolta regolarmente e circa 6 ore dopo il termine la paziente è stata trasferita nel reparto di malattie infettive. Non si sono verificate complicanze chirurgiche né respiratorie e la paziente è stata dimessa in quattordicesima giornata post-operatoria. Al fine di evitare la mobilizzazione della paziente al di fuori del reparto di malattie infettive e data la risoluzione delle algie toraciche ed il decorso post-operatorio favorevole, il controllo angio-TC non è stato eseguito durante il ricovero ma è stato programmato a distanza di circa sei mesi dall’intervento.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

Rossi G,Ferrari SA,Sommaruga S,Muzzarelli L,Piconi S

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-01-01 00:00:00

pages

273-276

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S0003469X20033916

journal_volume

91

pub_type

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