Decellularized human dermal matrix produced by a skin bank A new treatment for abdominal wall defects.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Interest is increasing for human decellularized scaffolds for their ability to favor healing and cell infiltration after transplantation, in the treatment of abdominal wall defects. The purpose of the present study is to show the clinical results obtained after the application of human decellularized dermal matrix (HDM) produced by RER Skin Bank, on patients suffering from different abdominal wall defects. METHODS:Between 2012 and 2014, 64 patients, average age 64 years, received HDM, to replace and cover the damage area during abdominal wall surgery. After surgical procedures, all patients were followed weekly for the first month and then monthly up to 6 months postoperative and any major problem or complication were recorded. Six months follow up included abdominal exams, serological tests and MRI analysis in order to evaluate integration of HDM with the patient's surroundings tissues and eventual long-term complications. RESULTS:Incisional hernia was the most frequent clinical condition in which HDM was applied, requiring also the highest amount of human decellularized dermal matrix. One month after the surgical operation, 61 patients revealed a well tolerability of HDM and a normal wound healing was also identified in all the damage areas. Only 3 patients experienced postoperative infections. Moreover the follow up after 6 months reported no signs of dermis rejection and that none of the patients was positive to serological tests. CONCLUSIONS:Human decellularized dermal matrix can be considered a safe and useful bioproduct to treat large abdominal defects, characterized by minor complications and simplicity to be implanted. KEY WORDS:Abdominal wall defects, Human decellularized dermal matrix, Skin Bank, Tissue regeneration. :I difetti di parete addominale possono essere causati da traumi, ustioni, trattamento di sindromi addominali e resezioni di tumori addominali. Differenti metodi per la riparazione di questi difetti sono stati descritti, tra cui l’utilizzo di lembi autologhi e di biomateriali sintetici impiantabili. Tuttavia diverse reazioni avverse sono state evidenziate dopo l’impianto di biomateriali sintetici, quali reazione immunologiche, formazioni di fistole, aderenze ed infezioni. Al fine di evitare questi effetti indesiderati, negli ultimi anni il mercato ha commercializzato numerosi scaffolds biologici, ottenuti attreverso vari metodi di decellularizzazione e utilizzati sempre più frequentemente per il trattamento di difetti addominali. Queste membrane decellularizzate sono classificate come tessuti ad uso trapiantologico e ogni Paese deve seguire le proprie regole riguardo la donazione di Organi e Tessuti. Nel 2008 è stato avviato presso la Banca Regionale della Cute dell’Emilia-Romagna (Azienda USL della Romagna, Cesena) uno studio mirato alla progettazione e produzione di un sostituto cutaneo decellularizzato unicamente biologico a partire dalla lavorazione di derma omologo di donatore multiorgano e/o multitessuto. Questo bioprodotto, ad oggi autorizzato dal Centro Nazionale Trapianti (CNT), viene distribuito a livello nazionale in svariati ambiti di applicazione clinica, in particolare per la riparazione di difetti di parete, in dermatologia e in ortopedia. Lo scopo del seguente studio è la valutazione clinica ottenuta dopo trapianto di derma omologo decellullarizzato utilizzato in pazienti affettti da difetti di parete addominale. Nel biennio 2012-2014 sono stati trattati 64 pazienti, con un’età media di 64 anni. Il derma decellularizzato, di 2-3 mm di spessore, è stato posizionato con tecnica chirurgica onlay, suturato e trattato con terapia topica a pressione negativa (vac therapy). In seguito, tutti i pazienti sono stati seguiti ogni settimana per il primo mese e poi ogni 6 mesi per monitorare la guarigione tissutale e possibili complicazioni. Il follow-up a 6 mesi comprende esami sierologici, per valutare possibili infezioni da HBV, HCV and HIV virus trasmesse dal tessuto trapiantato e la risonanza magnetica, per verificare l’integrazione del derma decellularizzato con i tessuti circostanti del paziente stesso. Nello specifico, sono stati trattati diversi tipi di difetti di parete addominale: in particolare, l’ernia addominale ha mostrato la maggiore incidenza. Inoltre, ad un mese dall’operazione chirurgica, sono stati rilevati 61 casi di normale guarigione della ferita, mentre solo 3 pazienti hanno sviluppato infezioni post-impianto. Questi ultimi sono stati trattati con esito positivo con terapia antibiotica. Infine il follow-up a lungo termine ha evidenziato 4 casi di sieroma e che, diversamente da altri studi in cui vengono utilizzate matrici commerciali, solo 1 paziente ha sviluppato un’ernia secondaria, mentre nessun paziente era positivo ai test sierologici. Da questa valutazione clinica possiamo concludere che il derma omologo decellularizzato prodotto dalla Banca Cute di Cesena è un ottimo bioprodotto in grado di riparare questo tipo di patologie, integrandosi con i tessuti circostanti del paziente senza creare reazioni avverse.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

Ghetti M,Bondioli E,Purpura V,Cenacchi G,Ruscelli P,Melandri D

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-01-01 00:00:00

pages

443-448

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S0003469X17027166

journal_volume

5

pub_type

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