Abstract：
:We use a difficult shape identification task to analyze how humans extract 3D surface structure from dynamic 2D stimuli--the kinetic depth effect (KDE). Stimuli composed of luminous tokens moving on a less luminous background yield accurate 3D shape identification regardless of the particular token used (either dots, lines, or disks). These displays stimulate both the 1st-order (Fourier-energy) motion detectors and 2nd-order (nonFourier) motion detectors. To determine which system supports KDE, we employ stimulus manipulations that weaken or distort 1st-order motion energy (e.g. frame-to-frame alternation of the contrast polarity of tokens) and manipulations that create microbalanced stimuli which have no useful 1st-order motion energy. All manipulations that impair 1st-order motion energy correspondingly impair 3D shape identification. In certain cases, 2nd-order motion could support limited KDE, but it was not robust and was of low spatial resolution. We conclude that 1st-order motion detectors are the primary input to the kinetic depth system. To determine minimal conditions for KDE, we use a two frame display. Under optimal conditions, KDE supports shape identification performance at 63-94% of full-rotation displays (where baseline is 5%). Increasing the amount of 3D rotation portrayed or introducing a blank inter-stimulus interval impairs performance. Together, our results confirm that the human KDE computation of surface shape uses a global optic flow computed primarily by 1st-order motion detectors with minor 2nd-order inputs. Accurate 3D shape identification requires only two views and therefore does not require knowledge of acceleration.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Landy MS,Dosher BA,Sperling G,Perkins MEdoi
10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-vsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
859-76issue
5eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
0042-6989(91)90153-Vjournal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:We have recorded the activity of omnipause neurons (OPNs) in the raphe interpositus during so-called staircase saccades produced by prolonged activation of the superior colliculus (SC) by microstimulation. By showing that OPNs cyclically pause during the periodic movements produced by the steady activation function, w...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.05.014
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation paradigms highlight the dynamic nature of face coding and suggest that identity is coded relative to an average face that is tuned by experience. In low-level vision, adaptive coding can enhance sensitivity to differences around the adapted level. We investigated whether sensitivity to differences around th...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.12.010
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interocular transfer of a spatial frequency shift was obtained with equiluminous color gratings. Gratings which combined both color and luminance contrast yielded small aftereffects and no interocular transfer. Recent electrophysiological work has uncovered color-sensitive binocularly driven cells in visual cortex. Th...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90004-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A visual transient due to a sudden visual change is generally considered to draw our attention to a location of interest. In a series of experiments we investigated how visual transients facilitate change detection in a scene. In line with earlier reports, we found that a transient sensation has its roots in a tempora...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2004.04.005
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a figure identification task, we investigated the influence of different visual cue configurations (spatial frequency, orientation or a combination of both) on the human EEG. Combining psychophysics with ERP and time-frequency analysis, we show that the neural response at about 200ms reflects perceptual saliency ra...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.12.013
更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The e-wave and a delayed-OFF increase in extracellular K+ concentration are both maximum in the distal half of the inner plexiform layer. These responses also have similar latency, time-course, intensity-dependence, surround properties, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Current source-density analysis of the e-wave rev...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(88)90136-8
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5A11/Basigin is an immunoglobulin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of Müller cells, the apical and basal surfaces of the retinal pigmented epithelium, and photoreceptor cell bodies and their inner segments. Disruption of the 5A11/Basigin gene in the mouse results in photoreceptor degeneration and a correspon...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00236-x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The predominance of rivalrous targets is affected by surrounding context when stimuli rival in orientation, motion or color. This study investigated the influence of chromatic context on binocular color rivalry. The predominance of rivalrous chromatic targets was measured in various surrounding contexts. The first exp...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2008.01.018
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observers can better discriminate orientation or direction near the cardinal axes than near an oblique axis. We investigated whether this well-known oblique effect is determined by the physical or the perceived axis of the stimuli. Using the simultaneous tilt illusion, we generated perceptually different orientations ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.05.016
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatase enzymes cleave an inorganic phosphate from a substrate. Phosphatase enzyme histochemistry followed by flat-embedding in glycol methacrylate is extremely useful in studying retinal and choroidal vascular development and loss, since only viable blood vessels have these enzyme activities. Sites of occlusion a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.08.022
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first reports describing the injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in the murine eye, the advancement of the field has been enormous resulting in the correction of several animal models of retinal diseases. The recent development of "pseudotyped" AAV vectors with transduction characte...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00676-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous psychophysical studies have revealed that shape similarity can affect apparent motion correspondence. Such results however, do not specify the level of representation, at which shape similarity is defined. We sought to understand this question by using a 2 x 2 competitive apparent motion paradigm. We manipula...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)90322-0
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor and its co-agonist d-serine play a key role in synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS), including visual cortex and retina. In retinal diseases such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, a loss of vision arises from malfunction of retinal cells, resulting in a gluta...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2016.07.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the ability of human observers to discriminate the direction of laterally-moving cyclopean stimuli, in order to assess some of the properties of stereoscopic mechanisms that mediate the perception of cyclopean motion (motion existing at levels of binocular integration). The stimuli were moving ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90122-y
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the influence of five days of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on the acquisition and consolidation of visual perceptual learning using a motion direction discrimination (MDD) task. The timing of exercise relative to learning was manipulated by administering exercise either before or after p...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2017.08.007
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the earliest stages of sensory processing, neurons show inherent non-linearities: the response to a complex stimulus is not a sum of the responses to a set of constituent basis stimuli. These non-linearities come in a number of forms and have been explained in terms of a number of functional goals. The family of ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2015.10.015
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using displacing prisms to dissociate the influence of optic flow and egocentric direction, previous research (Current Biology 8 (1998) 1191) showed that people primarily use egocentric direction to control their locomotion on foot, rather than optic flow. When wearing displacing prisms, participants followed the curv...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00066-4
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Color samples selected from the OSA Uniform Color Scales set were seen isolated in a dark field, illuminated by hidden projectors. These appeared as self-luminous aperture colors when thus isolated. We employed a categorical color-naming procedure to assess color appearance. Achromatic surrounds of 33 min width, if ad...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(89)90099-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In human far peripheral vision, drifting stimuli of particular periodicities appear to move in the opposite direction from their true direction of motion. This "reverse motion illusion" is a consequence of spatial undersampling of the retinal image. The illusion occurs for spatial frequencies an order of magnitude low...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90031-f
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motion aftereffects are normally tested in regions of the visual field that have been directly exposed to motion (local or concrete MAEs). We compared concrete MAEs with remote or phantom MAEs, in which motion is perceived in regions not previously adapted to motion. Our aim was to study the spatial dependencies and s...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hyperpolarizing responses to light were recorded intracellularly from red cones of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Pairs of slit stimuli were flashed alone or together at various intensities, one slit positioned on the receptive field center and the other displaced 30 microns. The peak amplitude of the resp...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90093-z
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether a depth aftereffect is better explained in a surface-based organization of depth representation (Nakayama & Shimojo, 1992), where depth is represented in conjunction with surface features, rather than a coordinate-based organization, where depth is represented in conjunction with spatial positi...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2010.10.018
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reports results of a dual task study in which two locations were endogenously cued as possible target locations, while only one eye movement had to be executed. During the cue period, letters were briefly presented at the saccade goals and at no-saccade goals. Results show that performance was better...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.02.002
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activity of transcription factors like AP-1 and Oct-1 is critical for the regulation of gene expression. Whereas Oct-1 mainly regulates the expression of housekeeping genes, AP-1 is often involved in cellular responses to external stimuli and plays an essential role in the regulation of light-induced apoptosis of ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00313-7
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main purpose of these experiments was to examine in detail how successfully the uncertainty reduction explanation accounts for the effects of spatial cues in a temporal forced-choice contrast discrimination task in which any one of four well-separated Gabor patches is incremented. In preliminary experiments, it wa...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00254-1
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A smooth surface imaged on the retina produces a smooth flow field. Thus, the visual system may group regions of smoothly varying flow to segment surfaces. We tested this idea by having observers perform a segmentation task on several stimuli that differed in their 3D interpretations but were all matched in the smooth...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00201-1
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether the effect of covert attention on information accrual varies with eccentricity (4 degrees vs 9 degrees) and the complexity of the visual search task (feature vs conjunction). We used speed-accuracy tradeoff procedures to derive conjoint measures of the speed of information processing and accura...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.12.015
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We made a comprehensive study, involving observations on 45 marmosets, of the effects on ocular growth and refraction of wearing spectacles from the ages of 4-8 weeks. This period was within the period early in life when the eye grows rapidly and refraction changes from hyperopia to its adult value of modest myopia. I...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00189-8
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate transporters in the tiger salamander retina were studied by autoradiographic and intracellular recording techniques. When the retina was incubated with 15 microM L-[3H]glutamate, photoreceptors and Muller cells were labeled, indicating that these cells had high-affinity glutamate uptake transporters. A much ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00231-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique of multi-input systems analysis is used to explore the field topography of ERG responses to local luminance modulation. Variations in amplitude and wave form are studied within the central 23 degrees. Outside the fovea, the amplitude appears to follow a simple power law rx as a function of eccentricity r w...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90235-b
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
