An introduction to MATLAB.

abstract：:CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) are critical mediators of self-tolerance, which is crucial for the prevention of autoimmune disease, but T(regs) can also inhibit antitumor immunity. T(regs) inhibit the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) conventional T cells (T(cons)), as well as the ability of these ce...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Schmidt A,Oberle N,Weiss EM,Vobis D,Frischbutter S,Baumgrass R,Falk CS,Haag M,Brügger B,Lin H,Mayr GW,Reichardt P,Gunzer M,Suri-Payer E,Krammer PH

更新日期：2011-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Jiang et al. (Research Article, 11 October 2011, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002152) used a combined experimental and computational modeling approach to study the dynamic response behavior of covalent modification cycles in the presence of downstream targets ("loads"). Despite remarkable agreement between experiments and ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Straube R

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescent properties of the amino acid tryptophan make it a useful tool for fluorometric assays. Because tryptophan fluorescence is remarkably sensitive to the polarity of the environment, it can be used to determine the affinity of tryptophan-containing peptides for phospholipid vesicles of varying compositions...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kraft CA,Garrido JL,Leiva-Vega L,Romero G

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are composed of subsets that are either positive or negative for the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) NKp46 (encoded by Ncr1). ILC3s are located at mucosal sites, such as in the intestine and lung, where they are exposed to billions of commensal microbes and potentially harmful...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Viant C,Rankin LC,Girard-Madoux MJ,Seillet C,Shi W,Smyth MJ,Bartholin L,Walzer T,Huntington ND,Vivier E,Belz GT

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Teaching the practical aspects of signal transduction to large undergraduate classes can be challenging when there is only a finite time frame in which to engage in laboratory activities. This teaching resource describes the use of bead-based ALPHAscreen technology for a class of 300 second-year biochemistry students,...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hay DL

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of T cells requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV1. Using mice in which a tag for affinity purification was attached to endogenous VAV1 molecules, we analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry the signaling complex that assembles around activated VAV1. Fifty VAV1-binding partners were ident...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Gaud G,Roncagalli R,Chaoui K,Bernard I,Familiades J,Colacios C,Kassem S,Monsarrat B,Burlet-Schiltz O,de Peredo AG,Malissen B,Saoudi A

更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The postsynaptic site of neurons is composed of more than 1500 proteins arranged in protein-protein interaction complexes, the composition of which is modulated by protein phosphorylation through the actions of complex signaling networks. Components of these networks function as key regulators of synaptic plasticity, ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Li J,Wilkinson B,Clementel VA,Hou J,O'Dell TJ,Coba MP

更新日期：2016-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevailing view has been that N-terminally truncated p53 family isoforms (ΔNp53, ΔNp63, and DNp73) predominantly counteract cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Recent progress in the field extend these well-known functions and place these isoforms in the center of a comprehensive regulatory network controlling major ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Engelmann D,Pützer BM

更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncontrolled expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) drives autoimmunity, necessitating the need for tight regulation. In this issue, Cao et al reveal a role for the kinase HIPK2 in the transcriptional control of IFN-I during antiviral immune responses. ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Best SM,Ponia SS

更新日期：2019-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) at Ser(51) occurs as a result of the activation of a family of kinases in response to various forms of stress. Although some consequences of eIF2alpha phosphorylation are cytoprotective, phospho...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mounir Z,Krishnamoorthy JL,Robertson GP,Scheuner D,Kaufman RJ,Georgescu MM,Koromilas AE

更新日期：2009-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth defects of the heart and face are common, and most have no known genetic cause, suggesting a role for environmental factors. Maternal fever during the first trimester is an environmental risk factor linked to these defects. Neural crest cells are precursor populations essential to the development of both at-risk...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hutson MR,Keyte AL,Hernández-Morales M,Gibbs E,Kupchinsky ZA,Argyridis I,Erwin KN,Pegram K,Kneifel M,Rosenberg PB,Matak P,Xie L,Grandl J,Davis EE,Katsanis N,Liu C,Benner EJ

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:When we are frightened, our hearts beat more rapidly and forcefully so we can fight more intensely or run away faster. This fight-or-flight response is triggered by the release of norepinephrine from neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Norepinephrine activates the classic β-adrenergic receptor-heterotrimeric G(...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hell JW

更新日期：2010-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling pathways control cell fate decisions that ultimately determine the behavior of cancer cells. Therefore, the dynamics of pathway activity may contain prognostically relevant information different from that contained in the static nature of other types of biomarkers. To investigate this hypothesis, we characte...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Fey D,Halasz M,Dreidax D,Kennedy SP,Hastings JF,Rauch N,Munoz AG,Pilkington R,Fischer M,Westermann F,Kolch W,Kholodenko BN,Croucher DR

更新日期：2015-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress is an important contributor to pathological conditions in humans. Hormonal changes that occur during acute and chronic stress situations can affect glucose homeostasis in both healthy people and in those with diabetes. Several studies have reported a negative effect of acute stress on maintenance of blood gluco...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Marcovecchio ML,Chiarelli F

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human disease that results from autoimmune T cells targeting myelin protein that is expressed within the central nervous system. In MS, the number of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) is reduced, which facilitates the activation of autoreactive T cells. Because aspirin (acetylsal...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mondal S,Jana M,Dasarathi S,Roy A,Pahan K

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Tools for conducting high-throughput kinome analysis do not exist for many species. For example, two commonly used techniques for monitoring phosphorylation events are phosphorylation-specific antibodies and peptide arrays. The majority of phosphorylation-specific antibodies are for human or mouse targets, and the con...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Jalal S,Arsenault R,Potter AA,Babiuk LA,Griebel PJ,Napper S

更新日期：2009-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) meeting Visualizing Immune System Complexity, held in January 2009, covered multiple scales, from imaging single molecules to imaging whole animals. In addition to experimental details, there was an emphasis on modeling both for data analysis and as a predictive tool ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Dustin ML

更新日期：2009-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that determine localized formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (Nox) family members in nonphagocytic cells are unknown. We show that the c-Src substrate proteins Tks4 (tyrosine kinase substrate with four SH3 domains...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Gianni D,Diaz B,Taulet N,Fowler B,Courtneidge SA,Bokoch GM

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nominations for this year's signaling breakthroughs spanned physiology, therapeutics and drug development, neuroscience, and plant signaling. Among the most exciting advances in mammalian biology were therapeutic applications of research that are overturning the conventional boundaries of signaling pathways,unexpected...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Adler EM

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a rare and highly malignant cancer that grows in the bones or surrounding tissues mostly affecting adolescents and young adults. A chimeric fusion between the RNA binding protein EWS and the ETS family transcription factor FLI1 (EWS-FLI1), which is generated from a chromosomal translocation, is...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Zöllner SK,Selvanathan SP,Graham GT,Commins RMT,Hong SH,Moseley E,Parks S,Haladyna JN,Erkizan HV,Dirksen U,Hogarty MD,Üren A,Toretsky JA

更新日期：2017-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Multicellular organisms rely on complex, fine-tuned protein networks to respond to environmental changes. We used in vitro evolution to explore the role of domain mutation and expansion in the evolution of network complexity. Using random mutagenesis to facilitate family expansion, we asked how versatile and robust th...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ernst A,Sazinsky SL,Hui S,Currell B,Dharsee M,Seshagiri S,Bader GD,Sidhu SS

更新日期：2009-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals are of prime importance for cellular function and behavior and are underpinned by a plethora of Ca2+ channels, pumps, transporters, and binding proteins that are regulated in complex ways. A series of biennial meetings, the International Meetings of the European Calcium Society (EC...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Parys JB,Guse AH

更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) frequently have an activating mutation in the gene encoding Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Thus, targeting the pathway mediated by JAK and its downstream substrate, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), may yield clinical benefit for patients with MPNs containing the JAK2...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Winter PS,Sarosiek KA,Lin KH,Meggendorfer M,Schnittger S,Letai A,Wood KC

更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family proteins play essential roles in DNA-based and RNA-based processes, such as the response to DNA damage, messenger RNA (mRNA) quality control, transcription, and translation, where they contribute to the maintenance of genome integrity and accurate gene...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Izumi N,Yamashita A,Iwamatsu A,Kurata R,Nakamura H,Saari B,Hirano H,Anderson P,Ohno S

更新日期：2010-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular hyperosmolarity, or osmotic stress, generally caused by differences in salt and macromolecule concentrations across the plasma membrane, occurs in lymphoid organs and at inflammatory sites. The response of immune cells to osmotic stress is regulated by nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a tra...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kino T,Takatori H,Manoli I,Wang Y,Tiulpakov A,Blackman MR,Su YA,Chrousos GP,DeCherney AH,Segars JH

更新日期：2009-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer-associated pain is debilitating. Understanding the mechanisms that cause it can inform drug development that may improve quality of life in patients. Here, we found that the reduced abundance of potassium channels called TRESK in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons sensitized nociceptive sensory neurons and canc...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Yang Y,Li S,Jin ZR,Jing HB,Zhao HY,Liu BH,Liang YJ,Liu LY,Cai J,Wan Y,Xing GG

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is specifically activated by adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR). Channel activation in the plasma membrane leads to Ca2+ influx and has been linked to apoptotic mechanisms. The primary agonist, ADPR, is produced both extra- and intracellularly and causes increases in intrace...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Lange I,Yamamoto S,Partida-Sanchez S,Mori Y,Fleig A,Penner R

更新日期：2009-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The guanosine triphosphatases of the Rho and Rac subfamilies regulate protumorigenic pathways and are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs), which could be potential targets for anticancer therapies. We report that two Rho GEFs, Vav2 and Vav3, play synergistic roles in breast cancer by sustaining...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Citterio C,Menacho-Márquez M,García-Escudero R,Larive RM,Barreiro O,Sánchez-Madrid F,Paramio JM,Bustelo XR

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila, recognition of microbe-specific molecules (such as bacterial peptidoglycans) activates serine protease cascades that converge to activate the Toll pathway. Recent data show that the serine protease Grass, which is activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors and was initially thought to be a co...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ashok Y

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory factor X (Rfx) homologs regulate the transcription of genes necessary for ciliogenesis in invertebrates and vertebrates. Primary cilia are necessary for Hedgehog signaling and regulation of the activity of the transcriptional regulators known as Gli proteins, which are targets of Hedgehog signaling. Here, w...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ashique AM,Choe Y,Karlen M,May SR,Phamluong K,Solloway MJ,Ericson J,Peterson AS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00