Decrypting noncoding RNA interactions, structures, and functional networks.

Abstract:

:The world of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is composed of an enormous and growing number of transcripts, ranging in length from tens of bases to tens of kilobases, involved in all biological processes and altered in expression and/or function in many types of human disorders. The premise of this review is the concept that ncRNAs, like many large proteins, have a multidomain architecture that organizes them spatially and functionally. As ncRNAs are beginning to be imprecisely classified into functional families, we review here how their structural properties might inform their functions with focus on structural architecture-function relationships. We will describe the properties of "interactor elements" (IEs) involved in direct physical interaction with nucleic acids, proteins, or lipids and of "structural elements" (SEs) directing their wiring within the "ncRNA interactor networks" through the emergence of secondary and/or tertiary structures. We suggest that spectrums of "letters" (ncRNA elements) are assembled into "words" (ncRNA domains) that are further organized into "phrases" (complete ncRNA structures) with functional meaning (signaling output) through complex "sentences" (the ncRNA interactor networks). This semiotic analogy can guide the exploitation of ncRNAs as new therapeutic targets through the development of IE-blockers and/or SE-lockers that will change the interactor partners' spectrum of proteins, RNAs, DNAs, or lipids and consequently influence disease phenotypes.

journal_name

Genome Res

journal_title

Genome research

authors

Fabbri M,Girnita L,Varani G,Calin GA

doi

10.1101/gr.247239.118

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1377-1388

issue

9

eissn

1088-9051

issn

1549-5469

pii

gr.247239.118

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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