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First Opioid Prescription and Subsequent High-Risk Opioid Use: a National Study of Privately Insured and Medicare Advantage Adults.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:National guidelines make recommendations regarding the initial opioid prescriptions, but most of the supporting evidence is from the initial episode of care, not the first prescription. OBJECTIVE:To examine associations between features of the first opioid prescription and high-risk opioid use in the 18 months following the first prescription. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study using data from a large commercial insurance claims database for 2011-2014 to identify individuals with no recent use of opioids and follow them for 18 months after the first opioid prescription. PARTICIPANTS:Privately insured patients aged 18-64 and Medicare Advantage patients aged 65 or older who filled a first opioid prescription between 07/01/2011 and 06/30/2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:High-risk opioid use was measured by having (1) opioid prescriptions overlapping for 7 days or more, (2) opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions overlapping for 7 days or more, (3) three or more prescribers of opioids, and (4) a daily dosage exceeding 120 morphine milligram equivalents, in each of the six quarters following the first prescription. KEY RESULTS:All three features of the first prescription were strongly associated with high-risk use. For example, among privately insured patients, receiving a long- (vs. short-) acting first opioid was associated with a 16.9-percentage-point increase (95% CI, 14.3-19.5), a daily MME of 50 or more (vs. less than 30) was associated with a 12.5-percentage-point increase (95% CI, 12.1-12.9), and a supply exceeding 7 days (vs. 3 or fewer days) was associated with a 4.8-percentage-point increase (95% CI, 4.5-5.2), in the probability of having a daily dosage of 120 MMEs or more in the long term, compared to a sample mean of 4.2%. Results for the Medicare Advantage patients were similar. CONCLUSIONS:Long-acting formulation, high daily dosage, and longer duration of the first opioid prescription were each associated with increased high-risk use of opioids in the long term.

journal_name

J Gen Intern Med

journal_title

Journal of general internal medicine

authors

Zhang Y,Johnson P,Jeng PJ,Reid MC,Witkin LR,Schackman BR,Ancker JS,Bao Y

doi

10.1007/s11606-018-4628-y

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-12-01 00:00:00

pages

2156-2162

issue

eissn

0884-8734

issn

1525-1497

pii

10.1007/s11606-018-4628-y

journal_volume

pub_type

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First Opioid Prescription and Subsequent High-Risk Opioid Use: a National Study of Privately Insured and Medicare Advantage Adults.