Centrally located small unifocal hepatocellular carcinoma between minor conservative liver resection and major hepatectomy. Case reports.

Abstract:

:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancer in the world, susceptible to potentially curative liver resection (LR) in selected cases. Centrally located HCC (CL-HCC) are sited in central liver segments and may require complex LR because of their relationship to major vascular and biliary structures and deep parenchymal location. Even though extended segment-oriented resections are recommended for oncological reasons, more conservative LR may be indicated in patients with cirrhosis to preserve an adequate function of the future remnant liver (FRL). To extend the indication to LR and to increase the safety of the surgical procedure, preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) or sequential transarterial embolization/chemoembolization (TAE/TACE) and PVE have been widely used, to induce atrophy of the embolized segments involved by the tumor and compensatory hypertrophy of the FLR. The most appropriate surgical strategy for small uninodular CL-HCC remains controversial, and should be decided according to the features of the tumor at preoperative imaging, the relationship with major intrahepatic vessels and the expected function of the FRL. We report here two cases of elderly cirrhotic patients with unifocal small CL-HCC, where the surgical strategy was decided according to the kind of relationship of the tumor with the hepatic hilum at preoperative imaging. In the first case there was no clear evidence of neoplastic infiltration of the hilar vessels, so that a minor conservative LR was preferred. In the second patient the tumor was suspected to infiltrate the right portal vein, and a major LR was performed after sequential TACE/PVE. KEY WORDS:Centrally located, Future remnant liver, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver cirrhosis, Liver resection, Portal vein embolization, Transarterial chemoembolization. :Il carcinoma epatocellulare (HCC) è una delle neoplasie più frequenti al mondo ed una delle principali cause di decesso nei pazienti con cirrosi epatica. La progressiva diffusione di programmi di sorveglianza consente attualmente di giungere alla diagnosi precoce di neoplasie unifocali di piccole dimensioni (“small”) nel contesto di un’epatopatia ben compensata, suscettibili di una resezione epatica potenzialmente curativa in casi selezionati. L’HCC centroepatico (CL-HCC) è situato nei segmenti centrali del fegato, e può richiedere una resezione epatica complessa a causa dei rapporti con le principali strutture vascolari e biliari intraepatiche e della posizione profonda nel contesto del parenchima, con un rischio peraltro significativo di insufficienza epatica postoperatoria. Sebbene anche per queste neoplasie siano indicati interventi resettivi anatomici per motivi oncologici, in pazienti selezionati con malattia epatica cronica possono essere indicati interventi più conservativi, allo scopo di preservare un’adeguata funzione postoperatoria del fegato residuo. Per estendere l’indicazione alla resezione epatica e per aumentare la sicurezza della procedura chirurgica nei pazienti con epatopatia cronica ed eventualmente con una compromissione dell’attitudine alla rigenerazione epatica postoperatoria, sono state utilizzate particolari tecniche che precedono l’intervento resettivo, come l’embolizzazione portale (PVE) o in alternativa l’embolizzazione selettiva epatica (TAE) eventualmente associata a chemioterapia selettiva epatica (TACE), seguita dalla PVE, allo scopo di indurre l’atrofia dei segmenti epatici embolizzati sede del tumore e l’ipertrofia compensativa del fegato stimato residuo. La strategia chirurgica più appropriata per i CL-HCC unifocali “small” rimane controversa e va definita in base alle caratteristiche del tumore all’imaging preoperatorio, ai suoi rapporti con i principali vasi intraepatici ed alla funzionalità del fegato residuo dopo l’intervento. Una resezione epatica conservativa anche senza un chiaro margine di resezione può essere presa in considerazione per i pazienti cirrotici con tumori capsulati, in assenza di noduli satelliti e di una chiara infiltrazione dei vasi intraepatici, mentre le resezioni anatomiche più estese possono essere indicate per i tumori con noduli satelliti o nel sospetto di un’infiltrazione della parete vascolare. In questi casi è necessaria un’accurata valutazione preoperatoria del volume e della funzione del fegato stimato residuo, allo scopo di definire l’indicazione ad una eventuale PVE o ad una TACE seguita da PVE in preparazione alla resezione chirurgica, per limitare il rischio di un’insufficienza epatica postoperatoria. Vengono riportati due casi di pazienti anziani con CL-HCC unifocale “small” insorti su una cirrosi epatica HCV-relata, dove la strategia chirurgica è stata decisa in base alla sede della neoplasia ed ai rapporti con le strutture vascolari intraepatiche. Nel primo caso la valutazione preoperatoria non mostrava una chiara infiltrazione neoplastica dei vasi ilari destinati all’emifegato destro e della vena sovraepatica media, ed è stata pertanto preferita una resezione atipica conservativa allo scopo di preservare la funzione epatica postoperatoria. Nel secondo caso vi era il sospetto che la neoplasia infiltrasse il ramo portale destro; si è pertanto deciso di effettuare una TACE seguita da una PVE in preparazione all’epatectomia destra, portata successivamente a termine senza una significativa compromissione della funzione epatica postoperatoria.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

De Raffele E,Mirarchi M,Caserta CA,Cuicchi D,Pendino GM,Lecce F,Cariani S,Cola B

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-01-01 00:00:00

pages

128-137

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S0003469X18028166

journal_volume

89

pub_type

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