Abstract:
BACKGROUND/AIMS:The diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence are controversial, primarily because the diagnostic pathological features used in adult women may be normal pubertal physiological events. Hence, international pediatric and adolescent specialty societies have defined criteria that have sufficient evidence to be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. METHODS:The literature has been reviewed and evidence graded to address a series of questions regarding the diagnosis of PCOS during adolescence including the following: clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, criteria for oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology, diagnostic criteria to exclude other causes of hyperandrogenism and amenorrhea, role of insulin resistance, and intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Features of PCOS overlap normal pubertal development. Hence, caution should be taken before diagnosing PCOS without longitudinal evaluation. However, treatment may be indicated even in the absence of a definitive diagnosis. While obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are common findings in adolescents with hyperandrogenism, these features should not be used to diagnose PCOS among adolescent girls. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
journal_name
Horm Res Paediatrjournal_title
Hormone research in paediatricsauthors
Witchel SF,Oberfield S,Rosenfield RL,Codner E,Bonny A,Ibáñez L,Pena A,Horikawa R,Gomez-Lobo V,Joel D,Tfayli H,Arslanian S,Dabadghao P,Garcia Rudaz C,Lee PAdoi
10.1159/000375530subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00eissn
1663-2818issn
1663-2826pii
000375530pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) have been found to be related to various common childhood diseases, like otitis media, conjunctivitis, respiratory viral infections, and asthma. However, the confounding effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage (Tanner stages), socioeconomic status (S...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000504914
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital hypothyroidism is a common congenital endocrine disorder prevailing all over the world. No nationwide screening exists for any sub-Saharan country. We present normative cord and capillary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values for healthy Nigerian newborns. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A cross-sectiona...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000441722
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Altered adrenocortical activity is one suggested mechanism relating small birth size with the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Adrenal androgen concentrations are higher in children born small (SGA) than appropriate for gestational age (AGA). AIM:To compare adrenocortical hormonal activity between 20-year-o...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000338344
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tend to be macrocephalic and short. Our aim was to define the incidence and diagnostic accuracy of elevated head circumference-to-height ratio (HCHR) in children with NF1 and to assess if elevated HCHR would facilitate early diagnosis of NF1. METHODS:Retrosp...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000347119
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoassays are primarily used to estimate IGF-I status. Recently an IGF-I-specific kinase receptor activation assay (KIRA) was developed as an alternative method for measuring IGF-I bioactivity. When compared with IGF-I immunoassays, the IGF-I KIRA has the theoretical a...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000329191
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Hypothalamic hamartomas are the most common identifiable cause of central precocious puberty (CPP). Hamartoma characteristics proposed to be associated with CPP include specific anatomic features and expression of molecules such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), transforming growth factor alpha ...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000308162
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In newborns and infants, dehydration and salt wasting represent a relatively common cause of admission to hospital and may result in life-threatening complications. Kidneys are responsible for electrolyte homoeostasis, but neonatal kidneys show low glomerular filtration rate and immaturity of the distal nephron, leadi...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000449057
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is a common site of unintended, acquired disease either during or after the treatment of cancer. Children treated with external radiation therapy are at the highest risk for developing a thyroid-related late effect, but thyroid dysfunction and second primary thyroid neoplasms ca...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000495040
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diazoxide is the first-line treatment for pediatric hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI). This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of diazoxide in children with HI. METHODS:We obtained 81 blood samples from 22 children with HI. Measured serum diazoxide concentrations were used for population pharmac...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000478696
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risk factors for rapid growth and early metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the role of coexisting Graves' disease in the clinical course of PTC remain uncertain in children. CASE DESCRIPTION:We report on a Japanese girl, whose PTC rapidly grew and metastasized within 4 years. Graves' di...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type:
doi:10.1159/000491102
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Lipodystrophy encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by deficiency of adipose tissue resulting in hypoleptinemia, and metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Leptin replacement effectively ameliorates these metabolic de...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000341398
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Partial duplication of 2p is a rare condition that causes facial anomalies, psychomotor delay, and growth failure. Hypercalcaemia is rare in children. So far, duplication of 2p has never been associated with hypercalcaemia. METHODS:Here, we report a girl with a partial duplication of 2p presenting with mode...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000442747
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cosyntropin stimulation study (CSS) measures the patient's ability to adequately mount a cortisol response. Clinically, CSS results may not be used to guide hydrocortisone use. The objective of this study was to examine how the CSS results are associated with clinical parameters, mortality/disease severi...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000484561
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thyroid hormone (TH) system plays a central role in central physiological processes of many species, including mammals and humans, ranging from growth and cell differentiation, energy metabolism, thermoregulation and phasing of hibernation or annual movements of migratory species, metamorphosis from larvae to adul...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000443501
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thyroid gland plays a major role in the human body; it produces the hormones necessary for appropriate energy levels and an active life. These hormones have a critical impact on early brain development and somatic growth. At the same time, the thyroid is highly vulnerable to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Th...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000324442
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with neurodisabilities. Oral vitamin D3 may not be absorbed appropriately due to dysphagia and tube feeding. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of vitamin D3 buccal spray with that of oral drops. METHODS:Twenty-four children with neurodisabilities (...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000479690
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisol in humans, influence multiple essential maturational events during gestation. In the human fetus, fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, fetal adrenal steroidogenesis, placental 11β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity, maternal cortisol concentrations, and e...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000488106
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus has recently been reported in children as a cause of surgery and/or invasive diagnostic procedures when mistaken for a thyroid nodule. Thymus has a unique appearance at ultrasound (US). METHODS:We report a follow-up study (mean 34 months, range 6-84) performed by US on 9 childr...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000322441
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is characterized by calcium deposits within the seminiferous tubules and is associated with benign and malign conditions. AIM:To determine TM prevalence in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART). PATIE...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000313587
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For surgery in congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), a distinct strategy and technique is required for focal, diffuse and atypical types. In focal CHI, a confined, localized and parenchyma-sparing resection which is guided by the PET-CT is always indicated in order to cure the patient. In diffuse CHI, however, the results...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000321902
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) variants of unknown clinical significance occur frequently among children with short stature, yet their growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) status and response to GH have not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To define GH and IGF-1 status in children wit...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000365507
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Because the criteria for genetic screening of short children are unknown, we performed genetic analysis of 199 short children born small for gestational age (SGA) or with normal birth size (idiopathic short stature, ISS). METHODS:After selection with a modified scoring system for SHOX and a novel score...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000338341
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the past 15 years, the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Central and Eastern Europe has grown rapidly from an initially low rate. This growth cannot be attributed to genetic factors: it appears that changing environmental exposures are responsible, though no single environmental factor can...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000329168
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Mutations in the human growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) are the most common cause of growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) syndrome and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) deficiency. The extracellular domain of GHR (encoded by exons 2-7 of the GHR gene) can be proteolytically cleaved to circulate as GH-b...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000355404
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is susceptible to programming during fetal development and may be linked to risk of disease later in life. In a former prospective study the cohort was divided into those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight <10 percentile). ...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000315656
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone can be caused by innate resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), thyroid hormone cell transporter defects, or thyroid hormone metabolism defects. This study was performed to describe clinical, endocrinological, and molecular characteristics of patients wit...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000493468
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective treatment and close monitoring in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) are important to prevent hypoglycemic-associated brain damage. The current monitoring approach involves measuring plasma glucose intermittently, but this does not provide a comprehensive assessment of glycemic control a...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000506230
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Combined growth hormone (GH) and insulin therapy is rarely prescribed by pediatric endocrinologists. We investigated the attitude of Italian physicians to prescribing that therapy in the case of short stature and type-1 diabetes (T1DM). METHODS:A questionnaire was sent and if a patient was identified, d...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000360856
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment with radioiodine for Graves' disease regularly increases the level of antithyroid antibodies, and transplacental passage of stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) may cause fetal hyperthyroidism. CASE PRESENTATION:A 21-year-old woman with Graves' disease received radioiodine treatment ...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000342644
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperandrogenism is a rare symptom of juvenile ovarian granulosa cell- tumors (JGCTO). This study aimed to determine whether hyperandrogenism was related to overexpression of SOX9, decreased expression of FOXL2 or absent aromatase expression in tumor with particular scheme of expression of P450scc and P450c1...
journal_title:Hormone research in paediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000313396
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00