Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Current knowledge of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) relies on data predominantly collected from white, middle- / upper-middle-class participants and focuses on experiences within the home. Using a more socioeconomically and racially diverse urban population, Conventional and Expanded (community-level) ACEs were measured to help understand whether Conventional ACEs alone can sufficiently measure adversity, particularly among various subgroups. METHODS:Participants from a previous large, representative, community-based health survey in Southeast Pennsylvania who were aged ≥18 years were contacted between November 2012 and January 2013 to complete another phone survey measuring ACEs. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to test associations between Conventional and Expanded ACEs scores and demographic characteristics. Analysis was conducted in 2013 and 2014. RESULTS:Of 1,784 respondents, 72.9% had at least one Conventional ACE, 63.4% at least one Expanded ACE, and 49.3% experienced both. A total of 13.9% experienced only Expanded ACEs and would have gone unrecognized if only Conventional ACEs were assessed. Certain demographic characteristics were associated with higher risk for Conventional ACEs but were not predictive of Expanded ACEs, and vice versa. Few adversities were associated with both Conventional and Expanded ACEs. CONCLUSIONS:To more accurately represent the level of adversity experienced across various sociodemographic groups, these data support extending the Conventional ACEs measure.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Cronholm PF,Forke CM,Wade R,Bair-Merritt MH,Davis M,Harkins-Schwarz M,Pachter LM,Fein JAdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
354-61issue
3eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(15)00050-1journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Laws requiring vaccination for school entry have resulted in high coverage and reduced disease incidence; however, few data exist on the use of similar laws in other settings. This study reviews laws regulating vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in selected healthcare delivery settings. M...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
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