Abstract:
:Humans tend to walk economically, with preferred step width and length corresponding to an energetic optimum. In the case of step width, it is costlier to walk with either wider or narrower steps than normally preferred. Wider steps require more mechanical work to redirect the body's motion laterally with each step, but the cost for narrower steps remains unexplained. Here we show that narrow steps are costly because they require the swing leg to be circumducted around the stance leg. Healthy adults (N=8) were tested walking with varying levels of circumduction, induced through lightweight, physical obstructions ("Fins") attached medially to the lower legs, during treadmill walking at fixed speed (1.25ms-1) and step width. The net rate of metabolic energy expenditure increased approximately with the square of circumduction amplitude, by about 50% for an amplitude (measured at mid-swing) of about 18cm. Subjects also generated greater stance leg torque and more arm motion to counter the circumduction, among other compensatory motions that may contribute to energy expenditure. The costs of producing and countering lateral leg motion partially explains the poorer economy of some gait pathologies where circumduction may occur, for example stiff-knee gait. And for healthy individuals, it explains how the energetically optimal average step width, along with the additional variability inherent with multiple steps, should be narrow enough to avoid excessive redirection of the body, yet wide enough to avoid costly circumduction. Humans appear to prefer a step width that compromises between the competing energetic costs for either wider or narrower steps.
journal_name
Gait Posturejournal_title
Gait & postureauthors
Shorter KA,Wu A,Kuo ADdoi
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.03.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
265-270eissn
0966-6362issn
1879-2219pii
S0966-6362(17)30094-2journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GAIT & POSTURE文献大全abstract::The development of scoliosis in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a significant, morbid event in the progression of the disease caused by progressive spinal musculature weakness. As an alternative to muscle activity, the spine can also be stabilised by locking the articular facet joints, which is achieved...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.10.008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A biomechanical analysis can provide valuable information on osteoarthritis (OA) gait, but important multidimensional interactions are often ignored. The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) was designed to address the issue of data complexity in gait analyses by providing a single, encompassing, value for one's devia...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.05.020
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rocker profile shoes (rocker shoes) are one of the treatment options of metatarsalgia and forefoot stress fractures. The efficacy of rocker shoes in unloading the forefoot pressure has been shown in walking. In running, however, the effect of rocker shoes on forefoot pressure is unknown. Eighteen healthy female runner...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.003
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extrapolated center of mass (XCoM), a valuable tool to assess balance stability, involves defining the whole body center of mass (CoMWB). However, accurate three-dimensional estimation of the CoMWB is time consuming, a severe limitation in certain applications. In this study, twenty-four subjects (young and elderl...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.032
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrete parameters from ground reaction force (GRF) are been considered in gait analysis studies. However, principal component analysis (PCA) may provide additional insight into gait analysis for considering the complete pattern of GRF. This study aimed at testing the application of PCA to discriminate the vertical G...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.05.015
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symmetric co-contraction of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle is beneficial in terms of increasing trunk stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the symmetry of lateral abdominal muscle thickness during static and dynamic conditions. Fifteen male subjects (27.13 ± 5.51 years old) were instructed to si...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.015
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studying the relationships between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure (COP) during walking has been shown to be useful in determining movement stability. The aim of the current study was to compare COM-COP separation measures during walking between groups of older adults with no history of falling, and a hist...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.025
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Walking is a recommended form of physical activity for obese adults, yet the effects of obesity and walking speed on the biomechanics of walking are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine joint kinematics, muscle force requirements and individual muscle contributions to the walking ground reacti...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.020
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Center of pressure (COP) measures are commonly used as indicators of balance and postural control. At present, there are no universally accepted standards in research investigating fluctuations in the COP with regard to the number of trials or the length of a given trial. The purpose of this study was to use the tools...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.03.004
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy is a challenging disorder often affecting children with high functional and cognitive level, who are good candidates for physiotherapy treatment, including co-ordination and muscle strengthening exercises. The goal of this study was to investigate hip and ankle power generat...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.08.010
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Confidence in 3D multi-segment foot models has been limited by a lack of repeatability data, particularly in older populations that may display unique functional foot characteristics. This study aimed to determine the intra and inter-observer repeatability of stance phase kinematic data from a multi-segment foot model...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.010
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing use of video games involving whole body movements to enhance postural control in health prevention and rehabilitation, there is no consistent proof that training effects actually transfer to other balance tasks. The present study aimed to determine whether training effects on two different video...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.02.003
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show asymmetries in balance control during quiet stance and in response to perturbations (i.e., reactive balance control) in the sagittal plane. In addition, PD patients show a reduced ability to anticipate to self-induced disturbances, but it is not clear whether these anticipat...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.08.014
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual's movement and one's own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observati...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.07.113
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the kinematic variability and the local stability of walking and pole walking using two tri-axial accelerometers placed on the seventh cervical (C7) and the second sacral (S2) vertebrae of twenty-one adults. Each participant performed three 1-min trials of walking and pole walking on a motorize...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.017
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specific patterns of pelvic and thorax motions are required to maintain stability during walking. This cross-sectional study explored older-adults' gait kinematics and their kinematic adaptations to different walking speeds, with the purpose of identifying mechanisms that might be related to increased risk for falls. ...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.004
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the components of the development of velocity during early walking. Eight children with typical development were followed during their first 5 months of walking experience. Velocity, cadence, and step length were measured. Normalized step length did not change over this time, however, normalized ca...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.009
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatiotemporal gait cycle characteristics were assessed at early (P1), and late (P2) pregnancy, as well as at 2 months (PP1) and 6 months (PP2) postpartum. A substantial decrease in walking speed was observed throughout the pregnancy, with the slowest speed (1±0.2m/s) being during the third trimester. Walking at slowe...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.09.016
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toe-out foot positioning is increasingly analyzed as a compensatory body-mechanical strategy to reduce pain and joint constraints in people with degenerative joint disease during gait. However, its influence during functional tasks, such as sit-to-stand, has not been reported. RESEARCH QUESTION:How uni- and...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to analyze the motor and visual strategies used when walking around (circumvention) an obstacle in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to the effects of dopaminergic medication on these strategies. To answer the study question, people with PD (15) and neurologically healthy in...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.016
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUNDS:The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of ambulatory physical activity, measured by physical activity tracker, and the clinical components of physical frailty, among nursing home residents. METHODS:We proceeded in 3 steps: (1) Validation of the physical activity tracker (i.e...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.02.010
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tripping over obstacles and imbalance during gait were reported as two of the most common causes of falls in the elderly. Imbalance of the whole body during obstacle crossing may cause inappropriate movement of the lower extremities and result in foot-obstacle contact. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(00)00087-4
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether, with vision, the magnitude of the effect of calf muscles fatigue on postural control during bipedal quiet standing depends on the eye-visual target distance. Twelve young university students were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible in three v...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.07.011
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines how three types of obstacles (cylinder, virtual human and virtual human with footstep sounds) affect circumvention strategies of healthy young adults. Sixteen participants aged 25.2 ± 2.5 years (mean ± 1SD) were tested while walking overground and viewing a virtual room through a helmet mounted dis...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.028
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gait retraining programs are prescribed to assist in the rehabilitation process of many clinical conditions. Using lateral trunk lean modification as the model, the aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of kinematic data recorded using a marker-based 3D motion analysis (3DMA) system and a low-cost al...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.029
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease which can result in chronic pain, loss of joint function and consequently decline in quality of life. RESEARCH QUESTION:A variety of instruments that measure the different dimensions of health status in patients with OA are available. However, despite th...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.121
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 6-minute walk (6 MW) is the most commonly applied measure of endurance walking capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, we are not aware of a quantitative synthesis of 6 MW performance in MS. RESEARCH QUESTION:We undertook a meta-analysis quantifying the overall magnitude of difference...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.125
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiscale entropy (MSE) has been applied in biomechanics to evaluate gait stability during human gait and was found to be a promising method for evaluating fall risk in elderly and/or pathologic subjects. The hypothesis of this work is that gait complexity is a relevant parameter of gait development during life, decr...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been previously suggested that coupled upper and limb movements need visuomotor coordination to be achieved. Previous studies have not investigated the role that visual cues may play in the coordination of locomotion and prehension. The aim of this study was to investigate if lower peripheral visual cues provid...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.07.003
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the foot strike patterns (FSPs) and neutral support (no INV/EVE and no foot rotation) in children, as well as to determine the influence of shod/unshod conditions and sex. A total of 713 children, aged 6 to 16 years, participated in this study (Age=10.28±2.71years, body mass ...
journal_title:Gait & posture
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.07.121
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00