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High proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVES:The proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in the United States (US) has been rising due to a slower rate of decline in EPTB compared to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The purpose of this study was to characterise the clinical and treatment differences between EPTB and PTB patients, and identify patient factors associated with EPTB. STUDY DESIGN:We performed a retrospective cohort study of active tuberculosis (TB) cases treated at the Baltimore City Health Department between 2008 and 2013. METHODS:We categorised patients as having 'only PTB' (infection in the lung parenchyma), 'EPTB/PTB' (infection in the lung and an additional site), and 'only EPTB' (infection not involving the lung). Pearson's chi-squared tests were used to evaluate categorical variables and compare clinical and demographic differences between only PTB, only EPTB, and EPTB/PTB patients. Student t-tests and one-way analysis of variance tests were utilised to assess continuous variables and to compare treatment differences. RESULTS:One hundred and sixty-three patients were treated for TB; 39.3% had some form of EPTB (either EPTB/PTB or only EPTB). There was no difference found between EPTB, PTB, and EPTB/PTB patients with respect to HIV status, gender, race, foreign-born status, or mean age. Patients with only EPTB were less likely than patients with some form of PTB (only PTB or EPTB/PTB) to present with cough (30.4% vs 61.5%; P < 0.001), night sweats (10.9% vs 39.3%; P < 0.001), and weight loss (28.3% vs 47.9%; P = 0.023). Patients with some form of EPTB were also more likely to be hospitalised postdiagnosis compared to patients with only PTB (39.1% vs 20.2%; P = 0.009), and to have longer mean durations of treatment (37.9 weeks [SD = 11.1] vs 31.8 weeks [SD = 8.1]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:EPTB patients present with atypical symptoms, undergo prolonged treatment, and experience increased hospitalisations. In order to improve diagnostic algorithms and treatment modalities, EPTB must be further characterised.

journal_name

Public Health

journal_title

Public health

authors

Sama JN,Chida N,Polan RM,Nuzzo J,Page K,Shah M

doi

10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.033

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-09-01 00:00:00

pages

101-7

eissn

0033-3506

issn

1476-5616

pii

S0033-3506(16)30020-8

journal_volume

138

pub_type

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High proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study.