Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Optogenetics is an emerging technology that enables the expression of light-activated ion channels in mammalian cells. Neurons expressing light-activated ion channels can be depolarized using the appropriate wavelength of light. Optical stimulation of neurons could have important implications for further understanding and managing peripheral nerve deficits leading to paresis or paralysis. This study examines the utility of this technology in a feedback-controlled system and the advantages of coupling this technology with conventional electrical stimulation. METHODS:The sciatic nerves of transgenic mice expressing blue light-activated ion channels (channelrhodopsin-2) were optically manipulated to generate electromyographic responses in the gastrocnemius muscle and to develop two potential applications of this technology: feedback-controlled optical stimulation using a proportional-integral controller, and simultaneous electrical-optical stimulation. RESULTS:The authors observed repeatable and predictable behavior of the optical controller in over 200 trials and a statistically significant decreased error when using optical feedback control as opposed to non-feedback controlled stimulation (n = 6 limbs). A second application of this technology was the amplification of electrically generated peripheral nerve signals using an optical source. Amplification of electrical activity was observed even when subthreshold electrical stimulation was used. CONCLUSIONS:Optical feedback control and optical amplification of subthreshold activity extend the versatility of optogenetics in peripheral nerve applications. Optical feedback control is a new application of an approach originally developed for functional electrical stimulation. Optical amplification of subthreshold electrical stimulation motivates future investigations into the optical amplification of endogenous subthreshold peripheral nerve activity (e.g., following spinal cord injury).
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Kapur SK,Richner TJ,Brodnick SK,Williams JC,Poore SOdoi
10.1097/PRS.0000000000002460subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
451e-460eissue
3eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242pii
00006534-201609000-00016journal_volume
138pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of the current study were to (1) measure trends in the type of mastectomy performed, (2) evaluate sociodemographic/hospital characteristics of patients undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy versus unilateral mastectomies, and (3) analyze reconstruction rates and method used following diff...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31827cf576
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Desmoplastic fibroma is an exceedingly rare primary bone tumor. Previous reports have not included the presentation of this tumor associated with the zygoma. This report describes the unusual presentation and surgical management of a desmoplastic fibroma of the zygoma. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199906000-00023
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total ear reconstruction by the use of contralateral temporoparietal fascial free flap and autogenous costal cartilage was performed in 16 patients presenting with a devascularized temporoparietal region resulting from trauma or prior surgery. The microsurgical success rate was 87.5 percent (14 of 16 transplants). On ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200110000-00006
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blasius was a famous teacher and surgeon. Apart from his own writings on surgery and his new methods for reconstructions, such as the replacement of nose, lips, and eyelids, some theses were also inspired by him. His main work is his three-volume Handbuch der Akiurgie, to which he added an excellent atlas, from which ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198410000-00020
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although face lifting and skin resurfacing both produce dramatic facial rejuvenations, the simultaneous combination has never been popularized. The development of new methods of lifting and resurfacing may now allow a reevaluation of this combination. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combi...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199812000-00035
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fibroproliferative disorders, such as Dupuytren's contracture of the hand, are characterized by excessive production of collagen. 5-Fluorouracil has been used to treat fibroproliferative disorders of the eye and skin and is thought to inhibit thymidylate synthetase blocking DNA replication. 5-Fluorouracil ha...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000169701.16509.d6
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrin glue was applied at the anastomotic site of the vein graft that was placed in rat femoral artery defects by the telescoping anastomotic technique at both proximal and distal anastomoses. All 35 vein grafts thus placed were patent, yielding a statistically higher patency rate than those placed in the same femora...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199511000-00026
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors, a plastic surgeon (Dirnberger) and a neurologist (Becker), conducted this study after reading the article by of Bahman Guyuron et al. in the August 2000 issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (106: 429, 2000). Sixty patients were operated on between June of 2001 and June of 2002; postoperative follow...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000131906.27281.17
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Any split-thickness skin graft donor site is obvious to some degree because of pigment alterations and, at the worst, it can develop hypertrophic scarring. A predictably superior aesthetic result is possible if this site is converted to a full-thickness defect followed by primary closure, because a linear scar is the ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199912000-00057
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of diced cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty surgery was recently revived by Erol with the publication of his technique for "Turkish delight" grafts (i.e., diced cartilage grafts wrapped in Surgicel). The present study details the authors' experience with 50 consecutive diced cartilage grafts used in three configu...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000122544.87086.b9
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The rat model has had limited utility for the study of long nerve gaps because of the small size of the animal. The authors sought to develop a simple, effective rat model for reconstruction of long nerve gap defects. METHODS:Fifteen rats had a sciatic nerve transection followed by reconstruction. Positive ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829fe515
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distraction osteogenesis has become an accepted method of treatment for patients requiring reconstruction of hypoplastic mandibles. We present a quantitative analysis of volumetric changes after distraction osteogenesis in a series of 10 patients. Group I (n = 5 patients, 3 unilateral craniofacial microsomia, 1 Golden...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199704001-00005
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue expansion can be characterized as a unique reconstructive procedure that takes advantage of the intrinsic ability of tissues to stretch and, in some instances, to grow in response to expansive forces. The efficacy of combined intraoperative expansion to obtain sufficient expanded tissue more rapidly was tested ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virtual surgical planning and computer-aided design and computer-aided modeling are promising technologies with a growing trend in contemporary head and neck reconstruction. Segmental mandibular reconstruction with the osteoseptocutaneous fibula flap is one of the fields in which these technologies are increasingly us...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000479998.49928.71
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes who have severe midfacial hypoplasia are treated by Le Fort III midface advancement. The purpose of this study was to examine long-term (10-year) midface skeletal stability and growth following Le Fort III midface advancement in growing children. METHODS:...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181e60502
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poland's syndrome comprises a spectrum of chest-wall deformities affecting, to various degrees, the rib cage, the chest-wall muscles, the neurovascular structures of the ipsilateral arm, and the overlying breast. This study details our experience with nine female Poland's syndrome patients who had chest-wall and breas...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199702000-00017
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, labiaplasty has jumped in popularity, despite opposition to the procedure. In 2007, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists declared the recommendation of cosmetic vaginal procedures to be "untenable," although in 2016 they allowed consideration of labiaplasty in adolescents ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000003181
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent reports have emphasized free-flap reconstruction for large defects of the scalp and calvarium following resection of tumors, infection, or trauma. In most cases, however, a carefully planned local transposition or rotation flap may be equally effective, and the technical difficulties and donor-site problems ass...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199304001-00005
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dupuytren's disease is a benign, progressive, fibroproliferative disease, and despite advances in basic science and technology, there remains no cure. To date, open fasciectomy procedures remain the criterion standard for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease despite a significant complication rate and recove...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000961
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Combined defects of the skin, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus after central compartment exenteration of the neck can be extremely difficult to reconstruct. The objective of this article is to evaluate reconstruction of the central compartment using a combination of free jejunal transfer for pharyngoesophageal...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000156916.82294.98
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 8 consecutive patients who had reduction mammaplasties to determine their psychological reactions. All 8 experienced pleasure with the operative results and the improvement or disappearance of their physical symptoms. Most described a general increase in self-esteem. In 5 of the 8 patients, however, there w...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new operative technique is described in which the natural curved nasal dorsum is retained in a modified fashion. Specifically, the nasal dorsum is elevated, the nasal height is reduced, and then the newly designed roof is lowered. Based on a minimum 1-year follow-up of 14 patients and a total experience of 28 patien...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The submental artery island flap is a versatile option in head and neck reconstruction. This flap may be used for the coverage of perioral, intraoral, and other facial defects, leaving a relatively acceptable donor-site scar. In this study, the submental region of 13 formalin-fixed cadavers was dissected bilaterally. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000142479.52061.7d
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reestablishment of the peripheral nervous system occurs in parallel with wound healing. With accelerated wound healing seen with the vacuum-assisted closure device, the authors studied its effects on nerve fiber regeneration, nerve sprouting, and the stimulation of neuropeptides and neurotrophins. METHODS:A...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181da86d0
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reinfections following implant-based cranioplasty, in the setting of previous bone flap osteomyelitis, are common and associated with significant morbidity. The timing of reconstruction following initial osteomyelitic bone flap removal remains controversial; most advocate for prolonged time intervals of appr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000475770.14396.1e
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roots of the working hours mandate and controversy are outlined, the effect on resident education is described, and the service versus education equation is defined. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182450c27
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the treatment protocol for and the outcome of the management of complex wounds around total knee replacements. An analysis of 28 patients (29 knees) with complex defects who had surgery between January 1, 1986, and July 30, 1996, was performed. A specific management protocol was applied to each kn...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199911000-00012
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascularized and conventional autogenous rib grafts were used to reconstruct 6-cm ulnar defects in the forelegs of the nine dogs. Each dog served as its own control. Biomechanical torsional testing of the grafted ulnas showed that vascularized grafts were 234 percent stronger than the conventional grafts. Bone toughne...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198403000-00007
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty cadaver auricles were injected with a latex solution to define the arterial supply of the anteroauricular surface. Two arterial networks exist, the network of the triangular fossa-scapha and the network of the concha. Both eventually communicate on the anthelix. The triangular fossa-scapha network originates fr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199207000-00005
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case is presented of a congenital nasal deformity consisting of a midline nasal muscle, alar cartilage defect, and partially obstructed nostril. The embryology of nasal development is reviewed, and an attempt is made to explain this unique anomaly. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198103000-00015
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00