Abstract:
:The post-dispersal fate of seeds and fruit (diaspores) of three vertebrate-dispersed trees, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus mahaleb and Taxus baccata, was studied in the Andalusian highlands, south-eastern Spain. Exclosures were used to quantify separately the impact of vertebrates and invertebrates on seed removal in relation to diaspore density and microhabitat. The three plant species showed marked differences in the percentage of diaspores removed, ranging from only 5% for C. monogyna to 87% for T. baccata. Although chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) fed on diaspores, rodents (Apodemus sylvaticus) were the main vertebrate removers of seed and fruit. Two species of ant (Cataglyphis velox and Aphaenogaster iberica) were the only invertebrates observed to remove diaspores. However, the impact of ants was strongly seasonal and they only removed P. mahaleb fruit to any significant extent. While removal of seed by rodents was equivalent to predation, ants were responsible for secondary dispersal. However, their role was limited to infrequent, small-scale redistribution of fruit in the vicinity of parent trees. Rodents and ants differed in their use of different microhabitats. Rodents foraged mostly beneath trees and low shrubs and avoided open areas while the reverse was true of ants. Thus, patterns of post-dispersal seed removal will be contigent on the relative abundance and distribution of ants and rodents. Studies which neglect to quantify separately the impacts of these two guilds of seed removers may fail to elucidate the mechanisms underlying patterns of post-dispersal seed removal. The coincidence of both increased seed deposition by the main avian dispersers (Turdus spp.) and increased seed predation with increasing vegetation height suggested that selection pressures other than post-dispersal seed predation shape the spatial pattern of seed dispersal. Rather than providing a means of escaping post-dispersal seed predators, dispersal appears to direct seeds to microhabitats most suitable for seedling survival. Nevertheless, the reliance of most vertebrate-dispersed trees on regeneration by seed and the absence of persistent soil seed banks imply that post-dispersal seed predators may exert a strong influence on the demography of the plants whose seeds they consume. Even where microsites are limited, the coincidence of the most suitable microhabitats for seedling establishment with those where seed predation is highest provide a means by which selective seed predators can influence community composition.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Hulme PEdoi
10.1007/s004420050212subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-01 00:00:00pages
91-98issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/s004420050212journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::The effects of bannertail kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) mounds and associated soil-surface disturbance on plant species composition and diversity in the Chihuahuan Desert were examined with multivariate analysis. Kangaroo rat mounds created disturbance gaps and contributed to local species diversity by creating...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328605
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our field observations on submersed macrophytes in the littoral zone of Cayuga Lake, N.Y., USA indicate that the shift in dominance from Myriophyllum spicatum L. to Elodea canadensis Michx. may be explained by the high abundance of an aquatic lepidopteran larva, Acentria ephemerella Denis & Schiffermüller. Experimenta...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420000568
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been argued that seed dispersal enhances recruitment in tropical trees by allowing offspring to `escape' strong density/distance-dependent attack by insects, pathogens and rodents. Here we examined the effects of canopy openness and parent-offspring distance upon the frequency and timing of Chlorocardium r...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050778
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patterns of flower visitation by lizards (Podarcis lilfordi, Lacertidae) and insects (mainly flies, bees and wasps) on the shrub Euphorbia dendroides, were studied in the island of Cabrera (Balearic Islands) during the flowering seasons of 1995 and 1996. Lizards act as true pollinators of the plant, moving large q...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00008816
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feeding behavior in B. calyciflorus was observed in both constrained and unconfined individuals. There are at least three mechanisms by which the ingestion of suspended particles may be regulated. First, the cirri of the pseudotrochus may be extended, allowing particles to enter the funnel-shaped buccal field, or they...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345247
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prey naiveté hypothesis suggests that native prey may be vulnerable to introduced predators because they have not evolved appropriate defenses. However, recent evidence suggests that native prey sometimes exhibit induced defenses to introduced predators, as a result of rapid evolution or other processes. We examin...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3811-x
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although cascading effects of top predators can help structure communities, their influence may vary across habitats that differentially protect prey. Therefore, to understand how and to what degree habitat complexity can affect trophic interactions in adjacent habitats, we used a combination of a broad regional-scale...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3928-y
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity behaviour of the common vole, Microtus arvalis was studied in an enclosure during a one-year cycle. The number of voles varied between 2 and 25 specimens. Emergence from burrows, running through pathways and visits at a feeding site were automatically recorded by passage counters which we developed for us...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00541777
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Wars between colonies of the red wood ant, Formica polyctena (Foerst.), are very common in the study area, a dune valley near The Hague, The Netherlands. In an extensive study Mabelis (1979) has put forward a hypothesis that explains the occurrence of wars in terms of protein supply in periods of insufficient prey...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379779
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural regeneration of abandoned farmland provides an important opportunity to contribute to global reforestation targets, including the Bonn Challenge. Of particular importance are the montane tropics, where a long history of farming, frequently on marginal soils, has rendered many ecosystems highly degraded and hot...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04497-8
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, ecologists have been more interested in organisms feeding at the tops of food chains than in organisms feeding at or near the bottom. The problem of taxonomic and trophic inconsistency within and among described food webs is central to criticisms of contemporary food web research. To study the effects of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050310
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of a hard seed coat, entirely preventing absorption of water in desert species ofSida, germination is rendered impossible or difficult under laboratry conditions. This block was eliminated by high temperature pretreatments to ensure better germination. The seeds could tolerate extremely high temperatures for s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00389108
更新日期:1971-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::By altering the strength of intra- and interspecific competition, droughts may reshape plant communities. Furthermore, species may respond differently to drought when other influences, such as herbivory, are considered. To explore this relationship, we conducted a greenhouse experiment measuring responses to inter- an...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3582-9
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors affecting oophagy among siblings in the land snail Arianta arbustorum were studied in 3 populations from different altitudes in Switzerland. The degree of egg cannibalism in A. arbustorum is a function of hatching asynchrony since the earliest hatched snails will devour the unhatched eggs in the same clutch. C...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379252
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Models of the evolution of seed dormancy reveal that dormancy is favoured either when opportunities for establishment vary over time and when there is wide variation in the probability of success, or when the probability of success is limited by frequency dependence. Empirical evidence supporting the temporal heteroge...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00665590
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory suggests that source-sink dynamics can allow coexistence of intraguild predators and prey, but empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism is limited. We used capture-mark-recapture, genetic methods, and stable isotopes to test whether source-sink dynamics promote coexistence between stream fishes, the in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diurnal periodicity of emergence of several stonefly and mayfly species was studied on the shore of lake Mondsee, Austria. Nemoura cinerea (Plecoptera) emerges during the whole day with peaks in the morning and afternoon. The Ephemeroptera Leptophlebia marginata, Ephemera danica and Centroptilum luteolum emerge as...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00416985
更新日期:1969-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The uptake of heavy metals via the alimentary tract can be an important factor for the metal budget of fish. 2. Concepts such as biomagnification, bioaccumulation, biotransference, or concentration factors, convey little information about the real threat originating from heavy metals in an aquatic food chain. 3. In...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376982
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial and temporal niche differentiation are potential mechanisms of plant species' coexistence in many communities, including many grasslands. In a 6-year field experiment, a dominant prairie bunchgrass, Schizachyrium scoparium, excluded species sharing similar phenology and rooting depth, but coexisted with specie...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0010-y
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the demography and interspecific interactions of 6 Heterohyrax brucei and 4 Procavia johnstoni populations, which inhabited 6 kopjes (rock outcrops) in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania over a period of 17 years. On three kopjes (H1, O2 and PH2) both species lived sympatrically, while on th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384314
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon isotopes are commonly used in trophic ecology to estimate consumer diet composition. This estimation is complicated by the fact that lipids exhibit a more depleted carbon signature (δ13C) than other macromolecules, and are often found at different concentrations among individual organisms. Some researchers argu...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04525-7
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small marine invertebrates often use sessile organisms as microhabitats, which can provide food sources and/or serve as refugees from predators. Because of the availability of external food items such as epibionts and detritus in the marine environment, these invertebrates may not depend on the sessile organisms as so...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0941-6
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size-limited predation is an important process during the development of many aquatic species, and mortality rates of early larval stages and small individuals can be particularly high. Structurally complex habitats can mediate predator-prey interactions and provide a potentially important mechanism for decreasing pre...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050444
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canopy CO2 concentrations in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana were measured continuously for 5 days during the 1994 dry season and the 1995 wet season. Carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) throughout the canopy (0.02-38 m) showed a distinct daily pattern, were well-stratified and decreased with increasing heigh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050140
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the response of the birch tube-maker Acrobasis betulella Hulst (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to habitat patch isolation and edges. Density of A.␣betulella larva was higher on distant islands than on islands close to the shore. Following experimental removal of all larvae from the islands, adults were able to re...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050134
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is illustrated theoretically that in a heterogeneous habitat the dispersal of individuals, even when it is random and density-independent, may have a pronounced effect of raising the average reproductive rate of the whole population, in addition to the effect of stabilization in the usual sense of reducing its vari...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376909
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using field and laboratory observations and experiments over 3 years, I investigated whether reproductive trade-offs shape individual life histories in two natural populations of the water strider, Aquarius remigis, in which univoltine and bivoltine life cycles coexist. Both later eclosion dates and food shortages, ev...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317325
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locomotory efficiency and potential has been studied in three species of the waterboatman Notonecta in relation to the predation strategies of these bugs.Morphometric analysis, estimating likely relative drag forces, mechanical advantages of the swimming legs and leg length/body length ratios allowed an estimation of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363849
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An empirical model for predicting net photosynthesis (P N ) and dark respiration (R D ) in the field was developed and tested for Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag., the dominant C4 grass of the North American shortgrass prairie. P N is predicted as a function of soil water potential, canopy air temperature, irradiance,...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344844
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A traditional view of diverse floral traits is that they reflect differences in foraging preferences of pollinators. The role of pollinators in the evolution of floral traits has been questioned recently by broad community surveys, especially studies concerning variation in pollinator assemblages and visitation freque...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1910-7
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00