Abstract:
:We analyze gut architectures of 42 species of marine polychaetes in terms of their anatomically distinct compartments, and quantify differences among guts in terms of ratios of body volume to gut volume, relative compartmental volumes, total gut aspect ratios and compartmental aspect ratios. We use multivariate techniques to classify these polychaetes into 4 groups: carnivores with tubular guts; deposit feeders with tubular guts; deposit feeders with 3 gut compartments; and deposit feeders with 4 or 5 gut compartments. Tubular guts, morphological expressions of plug flow, are common among deposit feeders and may allow relatively rapid ingestion rates and short throughput times. Median gut volume per unit of body volume in deposit feeders (31%) is twice that of carnivores (15%) and ranges up to 83% in one deep-sea species. Deep-sea deposit feeders tend to have relatively larger and longer guts than closely-related nearshore and shelf species. Guts of a number of deep-sea deposit feeders and nearshore and shelf deposit feeders from muddy environments are relatively longer and narrower as body size increases, suggesting that digestive diffusion limitations may be important. Gut volume scales as (body volume)1 while ingestion rate scales as (body volume)0.7. If diet and the chemical kinetics of digestion do not change appreciably, throughput time and thus the extent of digestion of given dietary components therefore must increase as a deposit feeder grows. Digestive processing constrainst may be most important in juveniles of species (especially those species with plug-flow guts) that are deposit feeders as adults.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Penry DL,Jumars PAdoi
10.1007/BF00318526subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-11issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00318526journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::As the impact of anthropogenic activities intensifies worldwide, an increasing proportion of landscape is converted to early successional stages every year. To understand and anticipate the global effects of the human footprint on wildlife, assessing short-term changes in animal populations in response to disturbance ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3613-6
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivores and pathogens with acute host specificity may promote high tree diversity in tropical forests by causing distance- and density-dependent mortality of seedlings, but evidence is scarce. Although Lepidoptera larvae are the most abundant and host-specific guild of herbivores in these forests, their impact upon...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1476-9
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly rules provide a useful framework for predicting patterns of community assembly under defined environmental conditions. Habitat created by canopy-forming algae (such as kelps) provides a promising system for identifying assembly rules because canopies typically have a large and predictable influence on underst...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0389-0
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reanalysis of data presented by Henneman (1983) to examine the relationship between intrinsic rate of increase and basal metabolism suggests there is no statistically significant correlation between the two variables when both are treated with comparable statistical techniques. In addition, I suggest there is no the...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379142
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated interspecific interactions between larvae of the 3 native British anurans, Rana temporaria, Bufo bufo and B. calamita in the field and in the laboratory. Over a 3 year period, predation of B. calamita spawn by the two competitively superior species accounted for only 0.3-3.0% of the total deposite...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378984
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between prey utilization and jaw biomechanics were explored in two Caribbean populations (La Parguera and Mona Island) of four trigger-fishes. The volumetric contribution of major prey types and six biomechanical features of the jaws that characterize biting strength were contrasted between populatio...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00329796
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most commonly cited hypotheses explaining invasion success is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which maintains that populations are regulated by coevolved natural enemies where they are native but are relieved of this pressure in the new range. However, the role of resident enemies in plant invasion rema...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2798-1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As primary producers, plants are known to influence higher trophic interactions by initiating food chains. However, as architects, plants may bypass consumers to directly affect predators with important but underappreciated trophic ramifications. Invasion of western North American grasslands by the perennial forb, spo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1241-5
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host use by herbivores is largely determined by host properties such as nutrient content and chemical defence against foragers. The impacts of these attributes on a herbivore may largely depend on its life cycle stage. Lichen species are known to differ in nutritional quality and level of chemical defence and, consequ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1682-5
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In altricial mammals and birds, the presence of a large number of litter or brood mates often affects the development of individual offspring by reducing the share of resources provided by the parents. However, sibling presence can also be favourable, conferring thermoregulatory benefits when ambient temperatures are ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-0958-5
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal net nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization was investigated at Abisko, Swedish Lapland in soils of a subarctic heath and in soils of a colder (by about 4° C), high altitude fellfield by (a) using in situ soil incubation in soils which had been shaded or subjected to two levels of increased temperature...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00323488
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acoustic behaviour of 15 sympatric and synchronically breeding species of frogs in an area of floating meadows near Manaus (Brazil) was studied for a period of 8 months. The calling positions of each species can be identified with certain physiognomic types of vegetation.Sound analyses were used to compare the mat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345990
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The great majority of Eucalyptus spp. are facultative resprouters, and they dominate the eucalypt forests of Australia. Despite this numeric and geographic dominance, there is a general lack of knowledge of their capacity for carbon capture and water loss during canopy reinstation. After a crown-removing fire, we meas...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3032-5
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the winter in greenhouse culture, Frerea indica(Asclepiadaceae) is a leafless stem succulent resembling the other members of the Stapelieae subfamily. However, in spring it produces leaves which persist during the summer period. CO2 exchange measurements were carried out with Frerea indica at its different seas...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00348709
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased biological diversity due to invasion by non-indigenous species (NIS) is a global phenomenon with potential effects on trophic interactions and ecosystem processes in the invaded habitat. We assessed the effects of resource availability and invasion of three non-indigenous invertebrate grazers (two crustacean...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2061-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotypes of the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata vary in their degree of specialization toward different nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plants of lineages "Ib" and "II" are specialized for mutualism with a limited group of bacterial genotypes. Lineage "Ia" plants are symbiotic generalists, interacting with all bacteri...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00334662
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas exchange measurements of two arctic tundra plants, Dupontia fischeri and Carex aquatilis, and two alpine tundra species, Deschampsia caespitosa and Geum rossii, were conducted under a range of atmospheric and soil moisture stress conditions to determine if photosynthetic adaptations to water stress may play a role...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345552
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed infections, where more than one parasite genotype is present in a single host, have been suggested to be an important factor in host-parasite interactions. As the host represents a limited resource, co-infecting parasite genotypes are expected to be under resource competition. Competition will not only modify th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1771-4
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calorific values for the vegetative tissues of a group of perennial desert and arid woodland plants ranged from 3,191 to 5,375 calories per gram, oven dry weight. These span the range of comparable values reported earlier for plants in other environments, and reflect variety in adaptations to dry environments. Tissues...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00557851
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mass loss of litter mixtures is often different than expected based on the mass loss of the component species. We investigated if the identity of neighbour species affects these litter-mixing effects. To achieve this, we compared decomposition rates in monoculture and in all possible two-species combinations of ei...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1454-2
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term effects of environmental perturbations on various life history traits are reasonably well documented in birds and mammals. But, in the present context of global climate change, there is a need to consider potential long-term effects of natal conditions to better understand and predict the consequences of th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1482-y
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological relationships change with overall body size and body size often varies among populations. Therefore, quantitative analyses of individual traits from organisms in different populations or environments (e.g., in studies of phenotypic plasticity) often adjust for differences in body size to isolate changes ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0403-6
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food availability is thought to strongly influence the leaving phase of natal dispersal in animals with condition-dependent dispersal. We conducted a food supplementation experiment to determine the influence of extra food on the onset of dispersal and early dispersal movement patterns of 42 radio-tagged northern gosh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1108-0
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the US/IBP Desert Biome validation studies indicate that above-ground production and biomass allocated to reproduction in Larrea tridentata vary from one year to another depending upon the timing and extent of soil-moisture availability. In an attempt to verify these observations and determine to what extent...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347929
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field experiments were conducted to clarify the relationship between the extent of food limitation and the amount and nature of intraspecific competition in an orb weaver, the labyrinth spider Metepeira labyrinthea. In one experiment agonistic encounters between marked adult females were induced at natural web sites. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384535
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several components of the diversity of plant communities, such as species richness, species composition, number of functional groups and functional composition, have been shown to directly affect the performance of exotic species. Exotics can also be affected by herbivores of the native plant community. However, these...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100774
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial and temporal niche differentiation are potential mechanisms of plant species' coexistence in many communities, including many grasslands. In a 6-year field experiment, a dominant prairie bunchgrass, Schizachyrium scoparium, excluded species sharing similar phenology and rooting depth, but coexisted with specie...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0010-y
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global atmospheric CO2 is increasing at a rate of 1.5-2 ppm per year and is predicted to double by the end of the next century. Understanding how terrestrial ecosystems will respond in this changing environment is an important goal of current research. Here we present results from a field study of elevated CO2 in a Ca...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00324212
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When two ecosystem engineers share the same natural environment, the outcome of their interaction will be unclear if they have contrasting habitat-modifying effects (e.g., sediment stabilization vs. sediment destabilization). The outcome of the interaction may depend on local environmental conditions such as season or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2916-8
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many organisms undergo ontogenetic niche shifts due to considerable changes in size during their development. These ontogenetic shifts can alter the trophic position of individuals, the type and strength of ecological interactions across species, and allow for cannibalism within species. In this study we ask if and ho...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1107-x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00