Abstract：
:Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and the cross talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Stephen B,Hajjar Jdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-53156-4_1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-31eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
995pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The presence and significance of tumor hypoxia has been recognized since the 1950's. Hypoxic cells in vitro and in animal tumors in vivo are documented to be three times more resistant to radiation-induced killing compared to aerobic cells. There is now evidence that tumor hypoxia is treatment-limiting in many human c...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_26
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial progressive degenerative disease of the retinal photoreceptors, pigmented epithelium and Bruch's membrane/choroid in central retina, causes visual impairment in millions of elderly people worldwide. The only available therapy for this disease is the over-the...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_15
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis an...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. It is the most common cause of dementia among older people. One of the most important hallmarks of AD is the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in the brain that suggests that it...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-08927-0_12
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In closing, let me return to the somewhat irreverent question that I asked at the beginning: Apart from what we learn about fundamentally important biological processes, does male-mediated developmental toxicity make any practical difference? The answer is no, yes, and we don't know. No: The risk of serious birth defe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_19
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a new model for coronavirus transcription, which we call discontinuous extension, to explain how subgenome-length negatives stands are derived directly from the genome. The current model called leader-primed transcription, which states that subgenomic mRNA is transcribed directly from genome-length n...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_79
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of experiments compared the uptake of 5,10,15,20 tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphinato [67Cu] copper (II), 67CuTCPP, by the lymph nodes of inflamed and two sets or control rats. The results demonstrate that 67CuTCPP localizes in greater concentration in inflamed lymph nodes than in noninflamed control lymph no...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-0537-8_24
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol has been shown to induce a shift in catecholamine metabolism peripherally from normally oxidative pathways to reductive pathways. The mechanisms of this effect may result from competitive inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by acetaldehyde. The shift in metabolism cannot be found in brain and alterations in c...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-5181-6_33
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastric polyps occur in 1-4 % of patients undergoing gastroscopy. Although most are sporadic, some gastric polyps are part of an underlying hereditary syndrome. Gastric polyps can be seen in each of the well-known gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes, but also in Lynch syndrome and in several rare not primarily gastro...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_17
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since many aspects of schizophrenia are also manifested at the peripheral level in proliferating cell types, this chapter describes the analysis of skin fibroblasts biopsied from living patients. The method focuses on cell culture and sample preparation for characterization of the model. The resulting cell extracts ca...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_29
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related impairment of central functions is though to result from alterations of neurochemical indices of synaptic function. These neurochemical modifications involve structural proteins, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and related receptors. Several studies demonstrated that GABA receptors, glutamic acid decarbox...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_20
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We focus on dynamical descriptions of short-term synaptic plasticity. Instead of focusing on the molecular machinery that has been reviewed recently by several authors, we concentrate on the dynamics and functional significance of synaptic plasticity, and review some mathematical models that reproduce different proper...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-62817-2_3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v, 1 from Betula verrucosa have been expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli and purified. The immunochemical properties of recombinant isoforms (rBet v 1) differed on immunoblots when compared using Mabs and birch pollen allergic patients serum IgE. 2-D gel ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_35
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Ensuring the microbiological quality of textiles is an important requirement for health care facilities. The present study examines the way transport times and temperatures influence microbial growth in textiles. Therefore, the effectiveness of washing and disinfection processes has also been studied. MET...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2020_560
更新日期：2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that is applied during stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to examine diachronic intracranial hemodynamic changes using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during tDCS applied to the primary motor cortex (M1). Se...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_42
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine release in mouse hippocampal slices is regulated by several neurotransmitter receptor systems. The ionotropic glutamate receptors and the adenosine receptor A(1) are the most effective. The effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is mediated via activation of the pathway involving nitric oxide and 3',5'-cycli...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_11
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fumonisins are responsible for many of the toxic effects of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme. They are acute renal and liver toxins in rats, and have tumor promoting activity. Fumonisin B1 is poorly absorbed, rapidly excreted, and persists in small amounts in the liver and kidney. Fumonisins are specific i...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_20
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wound healing is a complex process with the considerable burden on healthcare system. There are several cellular therapy methods that have been introduced to treat different types of wounds. Despite the advantages of cellular therapy, it is needed to overcome different limitations of this method such as; tumorigenicit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_251
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:De novo synthesis of RNA sequences corresponding to intervening as well as to structural sequences of the ovalbumin gene have been detected in isolated oviduct nuclei. Their presence in the nuclear transcripts and their time course of induction support the hypothesis that transcription of structural and intervening se...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-6589-2_25
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past decades, there has been increased awareness that mechanical properties of tissues and cells are closely associated with disease physiology and pathology. Recognizing this importance, Brillouin spectroscopy instrumentation, already utilized in physics and material science, has been adopted for cell and tiss...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_16
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most vulnerable ligaments of the knee. ACL impairment results in episodic instability, chondral and meniscal injury and early osteoarthritis. The poor self-healing capacity of ACL makes surgical treatment inevitable. Current ACL reconstructions include a substitution of t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_10
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli is one of the most-studied species of bacteria due to its frequent incidence in diverse environments and hosts, as well as its use as a tool in molecular biology. Most E. coli strains are commensal, in that they colonize the host without causing disease; however, some strains of E. coli are pathogens ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subunit structure of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and its associated compartmentalization of function confer enormous flexibility for generating signals and directing these toward specific and divergent cell fate decisions. Like all the multichain immune recognition receptors discussed in this volume, assembl...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-09789-3_2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kallikreins were localized in the human parotid gland and in the human kidney from two different aspects of the enzyme: the enzyme antigenicity and the enzyme activity. In the human parotid gland, the kallikrein antigenicity and the enzyme activity were identical in their locations in the ductal cells. In the human ki...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5143-6_4
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How hypoxia regulates gene expression in the human carotid body (CB) remains poorly understood. While limited information on transcriptional regulation in animal CBs is available, the impact of important post-transcriptional regulators, such as non-coding RNAs, and in particular miRNAs is not known. Here we show using...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-91137-3_3
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant benefit in cancer patients, but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), that can affect the gastrointestinal tract resulting in diarrhea and colitis. IrAEs range from mild self-limiting to severe life-threatening disease, which potentially l...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-02505-2_7
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the gut immune system in the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes is evaluated in this review with special emphasis in the hypothesis suggesting that dietary cow's milk insulin could trigger beta-cell autoimmunity when the mechanisms of oral tolerance are disturbed. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/1-4020-3535-7_22
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanobacteria are autotrophic prokaryotes that can perform oxygenic photosynthesis. The conversion of light and carbon dioxide into green fuels and chemicals has drawn considerable interest, and several dozen products have been successfully synthesized in genetically engineered cyanobacteria. However, during cultivati...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_2
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A basket shaped catheter carrying 64 electrodes was developed in the left ventricle (LV) of 53 pigs which had undergone induction of myocardial infarction. Pacing during sinus rhythm, or echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements as well as pathological studies revealed no significant damage due to the basket cath...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5959-7_27
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels are key elements in the etiopathogenesis of various forms of epilepsy. In this chapter, we present an overview of the functional implications of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in modulating internal Ca(2+) level fluctuations and generating ictiform/epileptiform cellular electrophy...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_55
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
