Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In oral and maxillofacial surgery, conventional radiographic cephalometry is one of the standard auxiliary tools for diagnosis and surgical planning. While contemporary computer-assisted cephalometric systems and methodologies support cephalometric analysis, they tend neither to be practical nor intuitive for practitioners. This is particularly the case for 3D methods since the associated landmarking process is difficult and time consuming. In addition to this, there are no 3D cephalometry norms or standards defined; therefore new landmark selection methods are required which will help facilitate their establishment. This paper presents and evaluates a novel haptic-enabled landmarking approach to overcome some of the difficulties and disadvantages of the current landmarking processes used in 2D and 3D cephalometry. METHOD:In order to evaluate this new system's feasibility and performance, 21 dental surgeons (comprising 7 Novices, 7 Semi-experts and 7 Experts) performed a range of case studies using a haptic-enabled 2D, 2½D and 3D digital cephalometric analyses. RESULTS:The results compared the 2D, 2½D and 3D cephalometric values, errors and standard deviations for each case study and associated group of participants and revealed that 3D cephalometry significantly reduced landmarking errors and variability compared to 2D methods. CONCLUSIONS:Through enhancing the process by providing a sense of touch, the haptic-enabled 3D digital cephalometric approach was found to be feasible and more intuitive than its counterparts as well effective at reducing errors, the variability of the measurements taken and associated task completion times.
journal_name
Comput Methods Programs Biomedjournal_title
Computer methods and programs in biomedicineauthors
Medellín-Castillo HI,Govea-Valladares EH,Pérez-Guerrero CN,Gil-Valladares J,Lim T,Ritchie JMdoi
10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.03.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
46-53eissn
0169-2607issn
1872-7565pii
S0169-2607(15)30005-5journal_volume
130pub_type
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