Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:A contribution to the knowledge of the economy and the environmental surroundings of the populations living along the Nile valley in three different periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study reports stable isotope analyses on apatite bone samples of 139 humans, 48 mammals, and 43 fish from the Al Khiday archaeological sites in Sudan. The bones belong to four archaeological periods: pre-Mesolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Meroitic. Data were processed statistically. RESULTS:A significant difference exists between the pre-Mesolithic and Mesolithic mean δ(18) Ow value and the mean of the modern Nile. The mean δ(18) Ow values for the Neolithic humans and bovids are very similar (+1.5‰ ±4‰, and -2‰, respectively) and more positive than the mean values of Mesolithic mammals and Pre-Mesolithic humans. The water ingested by Meroitic humans (+7‰ ± 2.5‰) is enriched in (18) O in respect to the water ingested by the Neolithic population. There is a separation in the δ(13) Cdiet values between the pre-Mesolithic humans (-14‰ ± 1‰) and Mesolithic mammals (-12‰ ± 2‰) group and the Neolithic humans (-18‰ ± 1‰), Meroitic humans (-19‰ ±1‰), Neolithic mammals (-21‰), and the modern (mean δ(13) Cdiet = -19‰ ±2‰) mammal group. DISCUSSION:The climate became warmer and more arid from the pre-Mesolithic/Mesolithic to the Meroitic period. The environmental conditions influenced the strategies of subsistence and, in particular, the changes occurring from the pre-Mesolithic to the Neolithic can be considered contemporaneous to the transition from hunting-gathering-fishing to cultivation-herding. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:498-518, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Iacumin P,Di Matteo A,Usai D,Salvatori S,Venturelli Gdoi
10.1002/ajpa.22987subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
498-518issue
3eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
160pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to demonstrate advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure in the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in a skeletal series to: (1) compute aggregate scores for joint complexes that accurately capture pathological expression, (2) reveal which variabl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23130
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimations of age from tooth formation standards for a large (n = 282) sample of subadult skeletal remains from a 19th century historic cemetery sample were analyzed. The standards of Moorrees et al. (1963a,b) for the permanent and deciduous teeth, and Anderson et al. (1976) for the formation of permanent dentition w...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330920207
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allometric relationships between incisor size and body size were determined for 26 species of New World primates. While previous studies have suggested that the incisors of Old World primates, and anthropoids in general, scale isometrically with body size, the data presented here indicate a negative allometric relatio...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640308
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lengths within the cranial base and vault were measured in cephalometric radiographs of 220 boys and 177 girls ranging in age from 0 to 15 years; all these children are participants in The Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. The present study is based on mixed longitudinal data derived from 1640 radiographs for boys and 1...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330580305
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Central African small-scale foragers subsist primarily on hunting game activities and wild plant-food gathering. Starch-rich tubers are underground storage organs (USOs) and staple food resources in savanna and tropical rainforests. However, little is known about the effect of USO consumption on tooth wear d...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23934
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observations on petalial asymmetry for 190 hominoid endocasts are reported, and their statistical differences assessed. While all taxa of hominoids show asymmetries to various degrees, the patterns or combinations of petalial asymmetries are very different, with fossil hominoids and modern Homo sapiens showing an iden...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330580111
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In investigating the dermatoglyphics of hyperactive subjects, it was proposed that if similar hyperactives were sampled and significant differences were found from suitable controls, a genetic effect could be responsible. From two clinical populations, we ascertained 26 subjects in 24 sibships comprising the hyperacti...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330590303
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gilbert-McKern method for aging the female Os pubis has attained popularity following Gilbert's ('73) demonstration that the McKern-Stewart male standards are not directly applicable to females. In order to assess the reliability of the method, forensic anthropologists were asked to age a set of 11 pubes of known ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330510319
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::New insights may be gleaned by taking an ontogenetic approach to investigations of adult dimorphism. Previous work in this area relied on traditional, caliper-based, morphometric methods, and produced conflicting results. This study uses a three-dimensional (3-D) approach for both local and global form comparisons of ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10178
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basicranium has been argued to contain a strong phylogenetic signal in previous analyses of primate cranial morphology. Therefore, further study of basicranial morphology may offer new insights into controversial phylogenetic relationships within primate groups. In this study, I apply 3-D geometric morphometric te...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21370
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper present the content of the Musée de l'Homme exhibition "Us and them: from prejudice to racism" and provides a detailed explanation of how this content has been presented to the public. In a second section of this paper we explain some of the analysis and concepts, from a biological anthropology perspective,...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24158
更新日期:2020-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24034
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The present study tests the effectiveness of entheseal robusticity (ER) as a potential predictor of adult age-at-death by applying multiple regression models to a large contemporary identified skeletal sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS:ER was recorded for 23 bilateral postcranial entheses on 481 adult individua...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24083
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of decrease of mean metacarpal cortical width was assessed by sequential radiographic morphometry for each hand separately in a series of 46 right-handed postmenopausal women observed for 222 patient-years. For the left hand, the mean rate was 0.0331 +/- 0.0053 mm/year and for the right, 0.0310 +/- 0.0060 mm/...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330540403
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tolerant food sharing among human foragers can largely be explained by reciprocity. In contrast, food sharing among chimpanzees and bonobos may not always reflect reciprocity, which could be explained by different dominance styles: in egalitarian societies reciprocity is expressed freely, while in more despotic groups...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21288
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:One-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. Sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. In hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22804
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interpretations of skeletal anatomy claiming to show that Neandertals could not have had a similar supralaryngeal vocal apparatus to that of humans are demonstrated to be flawed. Correction of the errors suggests that the Neandertal vocal apparatus need not have differed from that of recent humans. ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330900202
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty weanling 6-month-old male squirrel monkeys were allotted to the following treatments: 1) first control animals were killed at weaning; 2) second control animals were killed when 24 months old; and 3) malnourished animals were fed on a low-protein diet and killed at age 24 months. Lateral and vertical teleradiog...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330810409
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19°C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. He...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23757
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We documented the spacing and distribution of perikymata on the buccal enamel surface of fossil hominin anterior teeth with reference to a sample of modern human and modern great ape teeth. A sample of 27 anterior teeth attributed to Australopithecus (5 to A. afarensis, 22 to A. africanus) and of 33 attributed to Para...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1116
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22894
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frost (1987a) proposed an algorithm for estimating the number of missing osteons that correspond to observed osteon population densities (OPD). Such an algorithm should allow more accurate estimates of bone remodeling rates for skeletal remains for which in vivo labeling is not possible. In order to validate the algor...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330930109
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to document variation of deciduous tooth formation and eruption. The material comprises 121 individuals of known or estimated age (using tooth length) from Spitalfields in London, and radiographs of 61 healthy living children aged 2-5 years. Other skeletal material from two medieval Scottish ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10318
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Great apes show considerable diversity in socioecology and life history, but knowledge of their physical growth in natural settings is scarce. We characterized linear body size growth in wild mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, a population distinguished by its extreme folivory and accele...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23232
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some erythrocyte genetic factors were studied in the indigenous population of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, on the southeastern coast of the Arabian peninsula. Determinations carried out included blood groups and types ABO, MNS, Rh0, KkJsa, FyaFyb, P1, Lea, Vela, hemoglobin variants, and screenin...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330520404
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A marked asymmetry was previously reported in the sacral alae and S1-L5 facets orientation of the Neandertal individual Regourdou 1. Here, we provide a detailed description and quantification of the morphology and degree of asymmetry of this sacrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Regourdou 1 was compared to a modern ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23968
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The techniques of dental histology provide a method for reconstructing much of the life history of an individual, as accentuated increments visible in polarized light microscopy record incidents of physiological stress during the formation of dental tissues. Combined with counts of the normal periodic growth increment...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10089
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A controlled study of the relationship of two standard clinical indicators of osteoarthritis and porosity failed to demonstrate a relationship. Porosity appears to be a curiosity that has no clinical correlation and is not a sign of an identifiable rheumatologic disorder. It should be deleted as an identifier for oste...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199712)104:4<529::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293) was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene fl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23694
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research shows that a bacterial life form, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, can produce rheumatoid arthritis in deer, swine, and dogs, and that a number of animals, including man, birds, and fish, may be infected by the organism. Examination of the archaeological record suggests that both cultural and biological varia...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430109
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00