Abstract:
:Observations on petalial asymmetry for 190 hominoid endocasts are reported, and their statistical differences assessed. While all taxa of hominoids show asymmetries to various degrees, the patterns or combinations of petalial asymmetries are very different, with fossil hominoids and modern Homo sapiens showing an identical pattern of left-occipital, right-frontal petalias, which contrasts with those found normally in pongids. Of the pongids, Gorilla shows the greater degree of asymmetry in left-occipital petalias. Only modern Homo and hominoids (Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Neandertals) show a distinct left-occipital, right-frontal petalial pattern. Analysis by chi 2 statistics shows the differences to be highly significant. Due to small sample size and incompleteness of endocasts, small-brained hominoids, i.e., Australopithecus, are problematical. To the degree that gross petalial patterns are correlated with cognitive task specialization, we speculate that human cognitive patterns evolved early in hominoid evolution and were related to selection pressures operating on both symbolic and spatiovisual integration, and that these faculties are corroborated in the archeological record.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Holloway RL,De La Costelareymondie MCdoi
10.1002/ajpa.1330580111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-05-01 00:00:00pages
101-10issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Temporal changes, within-group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a compr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10425
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hair slope, whorl, cross and field formation is expressible in a topological form. The mathematical description required suggests an origin for the patterns in a growth process occurring in the upper dermis which determines the patterns of the hair slope. The formulae proposed by Euler, Poincaré and Ludwig are adopted...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330460308
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are limited in their capacity to convert protein into energy. We present a hypothesis that a "bell" shaped thorax and a wide pelvis evolved in Neandertals, at least in part, as an adaptation to a high protein diet. A high protein diet created a need to house an enlarged liver and urinary system in a wider lower...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22981
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Sex is usually not estimated in skeletonized non-adult individuals because sexual dimorphism is considered minimal before puberty. In 2017, a new approach based on the shape of the auricular surface was proposed, showing that this anatomic area of the ilium is dimorphic. This study tests the reproducibility ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24012
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B--25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O--0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH ph...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450213
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomical effects of artificial cranial deformation on the face and the base have been subject to various metric approaches, including standard linear as well as finite element techniques, and have produced controversial results (Antón [1989] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 79:253-267; Kohn et al. [1993] Am. J. Phys. Ant...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10286
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method for estimating adult age-at-death from the first rib was developed as a modification of the Kunos et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 110 (1999) 303-323) method. Data were collected on three aspects of the first rib (costal face, rib head, and tubercle facet) for 470 known-age males of Balkan ancestry collected a...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20916
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Museum curators and living communities are sometimes reluctant to permit ancient DNA (aDNA) studies of human skeletal remains because the extraction of aDNA usually requires the destruction of at least some skeletal material. Whether these views stem from a desire to conserve precious materials or an objection to dest...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21647
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using observations on the presence or absence of terminal hair in 13 locations on 700 white adult males, descriptive statistics were tabulated, phi coefficients of intercorrelation were computed, principal axis factor loadings were extracted, and varimax rotation of factors to simple structure was performed. The resul...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330440105
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One trait that distinguishes the walking gaits of most primates from those of most mammalian nonprimates is the distribution of weight between the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Nonprimate mammals generally experience higher vertical peak substrate reaction forces on the forelimb than on the hindlimb. Primates, in contrast,...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20385
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body size (stature and mass) estimates are integral to understanding the lifeways of past populations.Body size estimation of an archaeological skeletal sample can be problematic when the body size or proportions of the population are distinctive. One such population is that of the Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) of so...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21127
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen morphologic crown traits were observed in a sample of 1528 Pima Indians of south-central Arizona. Pima dentitions are characterized by high frequencies of shoveling, incisor winging, the hypocone, the lower canine distal accessory ridge, cusp 6, and the protostylid. They exhibit low frequencies of the metacon...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330610103
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We documented the spacing and distribution of perikymata on the buccal enamel surface of fossil hominin anterior teeth with reference to a sample of modern human and modern great ape teeth. A sample of 27 anterior teeth attributed to Australopithecus (5 to A. afarensis, 22 to A. africanus) and of 33 attributed to Para...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1116
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of unexpectedly ancient human remains has fuelled interest about the first dispersion of Homo outside Africa. The Dmanisi mandible is perhaps one of the most interesting findings, as it supposedly represents one of the oldest hominids outside of Africa. Recently, different interpretations have bee...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199810)107:2<145::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief description of the exposed middle ear from two Swartkrans specimens demonstrates the feasibility of examining the inner auditory structures of existing fossil hominid material. These Swartkrans fossils provide the first clear view of the early hominid middle ear, and their structures appear to be morphological...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330510320
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The transition to an agricultural economy is often presumed to involve an increase in female fertility related to changes in weaning practice. In particular, the availability of staple crops as complementary foods is hypothesized to allow earlier weaning in agricultural populations. In this study, o...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23411
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to provide skin color data on several endogamous groups of eastern Nepal and to demonstrate genetic microdifferentiation in skin color. Skin reflectance measures were taken at the upper inner arm and forehead sites, using the British DSL Model 99 Reflectance Spectrophotometer fitted with b...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330850306
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::If predictable, ecogeographic patterning in body size and proportions of human populations can provide valuable information regarding human biology, adaptation to local environments, migration histories, and health, now and in the past. This paper evaluates the assumption that small-bodied Later Stone Age (LSA) forage...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20774
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dentitions of 208 prehistoric skeletal specimens from five geographic regions of Oregon were studied to describe their dental status. Comparisons were made of the incidence of specific pathologies among regions and between jaws. Maxillary premortem tooth losses were significantly higher than mandibular tooth loss. A r...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330690305
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rise of two sub-specialties in Physical Antrhopology traces back to the Anatomy Departments of Schools of Medicine in Germany and France during the nineteenth century. The study of human diversity in bones and bodies was largely by medically-trained anatomists. There developed Medical Antropology and Dental Anthro...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450317
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral skull radiographs of 124 boys aged approximately 10 years divided equally between the four angle classes were digitized in an effort to establish the relationship between cranial base size and shape and jaw relationship. Comparison of the means for occlusal groups showed a trend from class II to class III ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330770209
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The Taung hominin fossil was recovered in 1924 during quarry operations in the tufa formations of the Buxton Limeworks. Reconstructions of the depositional environment of the juvenile Australopithecus skull have concentrated on the types of caves that form within the tufa. Hopley et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22883
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of Taiwan aborigines, the Toroko, was typed for 21 classical genetic loci. This is part of an ongoing program aimed at a comprehensive study of Taiwan aborigines. In this first paper a short summary of historical, archeological, and anthropological data in the literature is made, and results of the present sur...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330660310
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that metabolically active brown fat is present in humans throughout ontogeny raises new questions about the interactions between thermoregulatory, metabolic, and skeletal homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is distinct from white adipose tissue (WAT) for its ability to burn, rather than store, energy...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22661
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of a study of the prevalence of nonsyndromic dental agenesis among a sample of 208 individuals (105 females, 103 males) between the ages of 15 and 29 years from a North American religious and genetic isolate, the Dariusleut Hutterites of Western Canada. Direct examination of dental casts, oral ex...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330820205
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The methods that can be used for the direct dating of human remains comprise of radiocarbon, U-series, electron spin resonance (ESR), and amino acid racemization (AAR). This review gives an introduction to these methods in the context of dating human bones and teeth. Recent advances in ultrafiltration techniques have ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20516
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As evidence accumulates regarding the influence of hormones and stress-related conditions on maternal behavior, it becomes critical to better understand the relationship between physiological stress and the ability to cope with infants. Eight Japanese macaque females were observed 3 hr per week during the first 12 wee...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10150
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:War atrocities committed by the Spanish army in the Low Countries during the 16th century are so ingrained in the collective memory of Belgian and Dutch societies that they generally assume a signature of this history to be present in their genetic ancestry. Historians claim this assumption is a consequence ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23409
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that variation in humidity causes expansion of bone and, thereby, affects measurements of dried, preserved skulls. The experiment consisted of subjecting ten macaque skulls to increased humidity for 24 hours. Measurements of nine skull dimensions taken immediate...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600414
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report concerns one problem encountered with application of American white dental formation standards to age assessment of sub-adults of archaeological context. Dental ages for eight mandibular permanent teeth and maxillary central and lateral incisors of Arikara Indian immature skeletons were determined accordin...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330610409
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00