Abstract：
:Tolerant food sharing among human foragers can largely be explained by reciprocity. In contrast, food sharing among chimpanzees and bonobos may not always reflect reciprocity, which could be explained by different dominance styles: in egalitarian societies reciprocity is expressed freely, while in more despotic groups dominants may hinder reciprocity. We tested the degree of reciprocity and the influence of dominance on food sharing among chimpanzees and bonobos in two captive groups. First, we found that chimpanzees shared more frequently, more tolerantly, and more actively than bonobos. Second, among chimpanzees, food received was the best predictor of food shared, indicating reciprocal exchange, whereas among bonobos transfers were mostly unidirectional. Third, chimpanzees had a shallower and less linear dominance hierarchy, indicating that they were less despotic than bonobos. This suggests that the tolerant and reciprocal sharing found in chimpanzees, but not bonobos, was made possible by the absence of despotism. To investigate this further, we tested the relationship between despotism and reciprocity in grooming using data from an additional five groups and five different study periods on the main groups. The results showed that i) all chimpanzee groups were less despotic and groomed more reciprocally than bonobo groups, and ii) there was a general negative correlation between despotism and grooming reciprocity across species. This indicates that an egalitarian hierarchy may be more common in chimpanzees, at least in captivity, thus fostering reciprocal exchange. We conclude that a shallow dominance hierarchy was a necessary precondition for the evolution of human-like reciprocal food sharing.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Jaeggi AV,Stevens JM,Van Schaik CPdoi
10.1002/ajpa.21288subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
41-51issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
143pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Scratches found on the Engis 2 cranium have been described as perimortem and interpreted as intentional scalping marks by Russell and LeMort (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 69:317-323, 1986). These marks are described and compared to damage on other fossil hominids. The Engis marks have been misinterpreted. These marks are s...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330780305
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methods for estimating body mass from the human skeleton are often required for research in biological or forensic anthropology. There are currently only two methods for estimating body mass in subadults: the width of the distal femur metaphysis is useful for individuals 1-12 years of age and the femoral head is usefu...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21320
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper present the content of the Musée de l'Homme exhibition "Us and them: from prejudice to racism" and provides a detailed explanation of how this content has been presented to the public. In a second section of this paper we explain some of the analysis and concepts, from a biological anthropology perspective,...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期：2020-10-18 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21402
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330530102
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A contribution to the knowledge of the economy and the environmental surroundings of the populations living along the Nile valley in three different periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study reports stable isotope analyses on apatite bone samples of 139 humans, 48 mammals, and 43 fish from the Al Khiday arc...
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22987
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330980209
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199604)99:4<585::AID-AJPA5
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23130
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330770105
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330480305
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199808)106:4<521::AID-AJPA
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330540305
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uncertainties as to the nature and implications of osteoarthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) in primates were subject to critical review through examination of 153 prosimians and 1,250 Old World non-prosimian primates. Osteoarthritis, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and infectious ar...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330870308
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10403
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
