Patients with autism spectrum disorders display reproducible functional connectivity alterations.

Abstract:

:Despite the high clinical burden, little is known about pathophysiology underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have found atypical synchronization of brain activity in ASD. However, no consensus has been reached on the nature and clinical relevance of these alterations. Here, we addressed these questions in four large ASD cohorts. Using rs-fMRI, we identified functional connectivity alterations associated with ASD. We tested for associations of these imaging phenotypes with clinical and demographic factors such as age, sex, medication status, and clinical symptom severity. Our results showed reproducible patterns of ASD-associated functional hyper- and hypoconnectivity. Hypoconnectivity was primarily restricted to sensory-motor regions, whereas hyperconnectivity hubs were predominately located in prefrontal and parietal cortices. Shifts in cortico-cortical between-network connectivity from outside to within the identified regions were shown to be a key driver of these abnormalities. This reproducible pathophysiological phenotype was partially associated with core ASD symptoms related to communication and daily living skills and was not affected by age, sex, or medication status. Although the large effect sizes in standardized cohorts are encouraging with respect to potential application as a treatment and for patient stratification, the moderate link to clinical symptoms and the large overlap with healthy controls currently limit the usability of identified alterations as diagnostic or efficacy readout.

journal_name

Sci Transl Med

authors

Holiga Š,Hipp JF,Chatham CH,Garces P,Spooren W,D'Ardhuy XL,Bertolino A,Bouquet C,Buitelaar JK,Bours C,Rausch A,Oldehinkel M,Bouvard M,Amestoy A,Caralp M,Gueguen S,Ly-Le Moal M,Houenou J,Beckmann CF,Loth E,Murphy D

doi

10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9223

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-02-27 00:00:00

issue

481

eissn

1946-6234

issn

1946-6242

pii

11/481/eaat9223

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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