Abstract:
:Background. Research has found a strong link between ageism, in the form of negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward older people, and risks to their physical and mental health. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of strategies to reduce ageism. Objectives. To assess the relative effects of 3 intervention types designed to reduce ageism among youths and adults-education, intergenerational contact, and combined education and intergenerational contact-by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Search Methods. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, AgeLine, EBSCO, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Epistemonikos, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration, PROSPERO, GreyLit, and OpenGrey. We identified additional records by hand-searching reference lists of relevant review articles as well as records included in the meta-analysis. Two independent reviewers completed the search and screening process. Selection Criteria. Eligible studies were those that (1) evaluated an intervention designed to reduce ageism, (2) examined at least 1 ageism outcome in relation to older adults, (3) used a design with a comparison group (randomized or nonrandomized), and (4) were published after 1970, when the ageism concept was developed. Data Collection and Analysis. Two independent reviewers extracted study-level data from records using a common data collection spreadsheet. They also assessed study quality by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool to assess quality of outcome evidence. Primary outcomes were attitudes toward older people and accuracy of knowledge about aging and older people. Secondary outcomes included comfort with older adults, anxiety about one's own aging, and interest in working in the field of geriatrics or gerontology. We carried out meta-analyses with statistical mixed models. Main Results. We identified 63 eligible studies (1976-2018) with a total sample of 6124 participants. Ageism interventions demonstrated a strongly significant effect on attitudes (differences of standardized mean differences [dD] = 0.33; P < .001), knowledge (dD = 0.42; P < .001), and comfort (dD = 0.50; P < .001), but no significant effect on anxiety (dD = 0.13; P = .33) or working with older adults (dD = -0.09; P = .40). Combined interventions with education and intergenerational contact showed the largest effects on attitudes. We found stronger effects for females and for adolescent and young adult groups. Authors' Conclusions. Interventions are associated with substantial reduction in ageism and should be part of an international strategy to improve perceptions of older people and the aging process. Additional research using more rigorous designs to examine the effects of interventions is strongly recommended. Public Health Implications. Ageism has well-established negative effects on the physical and mental health of older people. Findings suggest that relatively low-cost, feasible strategies involving education and intergenerational contact can serve as the basis of effective interventions to reduce ageism.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Burnes D,Sheppard C,Henderson CR Jr,Wassel M,Cope R,Barber C,Pillemer Kdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2019.305123subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
e1-e9issue
8eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed which types of mass media messages might reduce disparities in smoking prevalence among disadvantaged population subgroups. METHODS:We followed 1491 adult smokers over 24 months and related quitting status at follow-up to exposure to antismoking ads in the 2 years prior to the baseline assessmen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.161638
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.048785
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301748
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/ajph.87.8.1335
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.1.31
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304276
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302290
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/ajph.93.4.635
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the light of a possible link between stress and cancer promotion or progression, and of previously reported distress in residents near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant, we attempted to evaluate the impact of the March 1979 accident on community cancer rates. METHODS:Proximity of residence ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.719
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relay, a peer-delivered response to nonfatal opioid overdoses, provides overdose prevention education, naloxone, support, and linkage to care to opioid overdose survivors for 90 days after an overdose event. From June 2017 to December 2018, Relay operated in seven New York City emergency departments and enrolled 649 o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305202
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301477
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.503
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.019620
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/ajph.80.3.333
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300208
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302157
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legislation in 1967 allowed abortions in North Carolina for reasons of mental or physical danger to the mother or child or in cases of rape. In 1971 the statute was changed to require 2 rather than 3 physicians in agreement, to reduce residency requirements from 4 months to 30 days, and mandatory reporting of all abo...
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更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/ajph.91.7.1114
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/ajph.83.11.1620
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To assess the health impact of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria on St Thomas, US Virgin Islands.Methods. We collected data from interviews conducted 6 and 9 months after the hurricanes, a review of 597 randomly selected emergency department (ED) encounters, and administrative records from 10 716 ED visit...
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The environmental justice movement has stimulated community-driven research about the living and working conditions of people of color and low-income communities. We describe an epidemiological study designed to link research with community education and organizing for social justice. In eastern North Carolina, high-d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.110486
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00